American black bears (Ursus americanus) live in Missouri. Their presence is a result of natural recolonization and successful conservation efforts, leading to a growing population primarily in the southern parts of the state.
Where Bears Reside in Missouri
Black bears in Missouri primarily inhabit the heavily forested Ozark region, particularly south of Interstate 44. This area provides the dense woodlands, rugged terrain, and ample food and water sources they prefer. While their core range is concentrated in southern Missouri, individual bears, often young males, are observed further north. Their habitat includes oak woodlands, important for fall foods like acorns. Bears are adept at navigating these wooded landscapes, often retreating deeper into the forest if they detect human presence.
Understanding Missouri’s Bear Population
Historically, American black bears were abundant across Missouri but were nearly eliminated by the early 20th century due to habitat loss and unregulated hunting. Their return is largely attributed to natural recolonization from a successful reintroduction program in Arkansas, which began in 1958. Bears released in Arkansas naturally expanded northward into Missouri. Genetic studies suggest a small, remnant population may have also persisted in remote parts of Missouri, interbreeding with the expanding bears.
Missouri’s black bear population has grown considerably over the past two decades. In 2010, the estimated population was around 300 bears, increasing to approximately 540 to 840 by 2019, and reaching about 800 to 1,000 by 2024. The Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC) actively monitors this growing population through research projects, including tracking collared bears and assessing cub production. Black bears are omnivores, feeding on a diverse diet that includes berries, nuts, insects, and occasionally fawns.
Living Safely with Bears
As the black bear population expands in Missouri, minimizing human-bear conflicts is increasingly important. Bears have an acute sense of smell, significantly more sensitive than a bloodhound’s, which they use to locate food. This strong sense of smell means they are easily attracted to human food sources and garbage.
To prevent attracting bears, secure all food items, pet food, and garbage in bear-resistant containers or inside a secure building. Avoid leaving bird feeders or pet food outdoors, especially from April through November, as these can draw bears into residential areas. If camping, keep a clean campsite, store food and toiletries in a secure vehicle or suspended from trees, and never burn or bury garbage.
If you encounter a bear, remain calm and do not approach it. Make noise to ensure the bear is aware of your presence, and ensure it has an escape route. Back away slowly while facing the bear, speaking in a calm, loud voice, and avoiding direct eye contact. Carrying bear spray is recommended in remote areas, but it is important to know how to use it effectively.