Dasiphora fruticosa, commonly known as shrubby cinquefoil, is a resilient deciduous shrub belonging to the Rosaceae family. It is native to the cool temperate and subarctic regions across the Northern Hemisphere, often found thriving in mountainous areas at higher altitudes. Its hardiness and adaptability make it a popular choice in various landscapes. It enters a dormancy period during the colder winter months, preparing for new growth in the spring.
Identifying Features
Shrubby cinquefoil reaches 0.1 to 1.5 meters tall, with an upright to sprawling habit. The bark on older stems is shreddy, peeling in long, thin strips. Its leaves are densely arranged and compound pinnate, featuring three to nine leaflets, commonly five or seven. Each leaflet is linear-oblong, measuring between 3 and 20 millimeters in length, with smooth edges and pointed ends. Both the leaves and young stems are covered in fine, silky hairs, giving them a slightly silvery appearance.
The flowers of Dasiphora fruticosa are produced at the ends of stems, measuring 2 to 3 centimeters across and resembling buttercups. Each flower has five petals and 15 to 25 stamens, with colors ranging from pale to bright yellow, though some western Chinese populations exhibit orange to reddish hues. Cultivars can also display white, pink, or orange flowers. Flowering occurs from early to late summer. The fruit consists of a cluster of small achenes covered with long hairs.
Cultivation and Garden Use
Dasiphora fruticosa is a popular ornamental plant in temperate regions due to its extended blooming season and low maintenance requirements. It thrives in full sun but can tolerate light shade; full sun promotes the best flowering. This shrub adapts to a range of well-drained soil types, preferring loamy soil that is not overly rich in nutrients. Good drainage is important to prevent root rot.
Once established, shrubby cinquefoil is drought tolerant, requiring watering only when the soil is nearly dry. It performs well in average humidity but may struggle in high humidity, such as in the southeastern United States. A balanced fertilizer, such as a 10-10-10 N-P-K ratio, can be applied in the spring to support growth, with annual fertilization sufficient.
Pruning is beneficial for maintaining the plant’s shape and vigor, and should be done in late winter or early spring before new growth begins. Dead or diseased branches should be removed, and dense areas can be thinned to improve air circulation. For rejuvenation, older stems can be cut back to the ground.
Shrubby cinquefoil is often used in landscaping as flowering hedges, borders, or in mass plantings. Its dense, rounded form makes it suitable for various garden designs. It is also resistant to common pests and diseases, making it a robust addition to many gardens.
Ecological Importance and Other Applications
Beyond its ornamental appeal, Dasiphora fruticosa plays a role in various ecological settings. It provides habitat and food for wildlife, including pollinators like bees and butterflies. Birds also feed on its seeds. Its fibrous root system helps stabilize soil, making it effective in erosion control and land reclamation efforts.
Historically, Dasiphora fruticosa has had traditional uses. The leaves of the plant have been boiled to create a tisane, sometimes referred to as “kuril tea”. Tannin extract can also be derived from the leaves and fruit. While not a primary food source for wildlife, it may be consumed when other options are scarce. The shrub is considered safe for gardens where children and pets are present.
The Shifting Scientific Name
The scientific classification of this plant has experienced some changes, leading to common taxonomic confusion. Historically, and still frequently in horticultural literature, Dasiphora fruticosa was classified under the genus Potentilla. However, some botanists have reclassified it into its own distinct genus, Dasiphora.
This reclassification is based on specific morphological or genetic differences that distinguish it from other species within the Potentilla genus. The genus Dasiphora currently includes only D. fruticosa. Despite the reclassification, the older name, Potentilla fruticosa, remains widely accepted within the nursery trade.