D-calcium pantothenate is the calcium salt of pantothenic acid. It is a stable, synthetic form of Vitamin B5, widely used in various products. Its stability makes it a preferred choice for fortification and supplementation over pantothenic acid, which is more susceptible to degradation from heat, light, or acids.
Role as Vitamin B5 in the Body
Once ingested, D-calcium pantothenate undergoes hydrolysis in the small intestine, converting into free pantothenic acid. This pantothenic acid is then absorbed into the bloodstream, where it binds to red blood cells for transport throughout the body. Inside cells, pantothenic acid serves as a precursor for the biosynthesis of coenzyme A (CoA).
Pantothenic acid is converted into coenzyme A (CoA) through a multi-step process. Coenzyme A is a universal cofactor involved in over 100 biochemical reactions. It functions as a carrier of acyl groups, central to metabolism.
Coenzyme A is fundamental for generating energy through the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. It participates in the citric acid cycle, a core pathway for energy production. CoA is also involved in the synthesis of fatty acids, cholesterol, and various steroid hormones. It contributes to the creation of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and heme, a component of hemoglobin.
Sources and Applications
D-calcium pantothenate is frequently found in everyday products due to its stability. It is common in dietary supplements, particularly B-complex vitamins and multivitamins, for nutritional support. Many fortified foods, such as breakfast cereals and energy drinks, also include D-calcium pantothenate to enhance nutrition.
Beyond internal consumption, D-calcium pantothenate is utilized in personal care products. It is incorporated into skincare and haircare formulations for its moisturizing and skin-conditioning properties, helping to improve skin hydration and elasticity. It also promotes healthy skin and hair.
Its stability makes it a preferred additive in animal feed, supporting livestock growth and enhancing feed efficiency. This highlights its versatility across various industries.
Safety and Intake Guidelines
D-calcium pantothenate is recognized as Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in food for special dietary uses. For adults aged 19 and older, the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for pantothenic acid is 5 milligrams per day. During pregnancy, the recommendation increases to 6 milligrams daily, and for breastfeeding individuals, it is 7 milligrams daily.
Pantothenic acid deficiency is rare in the United States, as the vitamin is naturally present in most foods. When deficiency occurs, it is linked to severe malnutrition or rare genetic disorders. Symptoms of severe deficiency can include numbness or burning sensations in the hands and feet, fatigue, irritability, and gastrointestinal upset.
Toxicity from D-calcium pantothenate is uncommon, and a Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) has not been established due to a lack of reported adverse effects. However, exceptionally high supplemental doses, such as 10,000 milligrams per day, may lead to mild digestive upset or diarrhea. It is well-tolerated when consumed within recommended guidelines.