Coxsackie conjunctivitis is an eye infection characterized by inflammation of the outer membrane of the eyeball and the inner eyelid, often referred to as pink eye. While generally a mild illness, it is known for being highly contagious.
Understanding the Cause and Spread
The infection is primarily caused by specific types of coxsackievirus. These viruses are members of the larger enterovirus family. The virus spreads efficiently, mainly through direct contact with eye secretions from an infected individual.
Transmission also occurs through contact with contaminated hands or objects, such as towels, pillowcases, or makeup that have come into contact with the virus. The highly contagious nature of coxsackievirus conjunctivitis means it can quickly lead to outbreaks, especially in environments where people are in close proximity, like schools, daycare centers, or workplaces. Airborne spread is also a route of transmission.
Identifying the Symptoms
Symptoms often appear rapidly in one or both eyes. Common signs include noticeable redness and irritation of the eyes, accompanied by a feeling of grittiness. Watery discharge is also typical, along with itching or a burning sensation. Sensitivity to light (photophobia) can develop, and the eyelids may become swollen. Small blood vessels can rupture, leading to subconjunctival hemorrhages that give the eyes a bright red appearance.
Beyond the ocular symptoms, some people, particularly children, may also experience systemic signs such as a fever, sore throat, headache, muscle aches, or swollen lymph nodes in front of the ears.
When to Seek Medical Advice
While coxsackie conjunctivitis typically resolves within 5 to 10 days, there are situations when consulting a healthcare professional becomes advisable. Seek medical attention if eye pain becomes significant or if there is a noticeable decline in vision. It is also prudent to consult a doctor if symptoms worsen over time or show no improvement after a few days. A medical evaluation helps confirm diagnosis and rule out other serious eye conditions that might present with similar symptoms. Although rare, complications like inflammation of the cornea (keratitis) or, in rare cases, motor paralysis can occur, making professional assessment important for severe presentations.
Treatment and Home Care
No specific antiviral medication treats coxsackie conjunctivitis, so care focuses on managing symptoms and supporting recovery. Applying cool compresses to the affected eyes several times a day can help soothe irritation and reduce swelling. Using over-the-counter artificial tears can also alleviate dryness and discomfort.
Individuals should avoid wearing contact lenses until all symptoms have cleared to prevent further irritation or potential complications. Avoid rubbing the eyes, as this can worsen irritation and contribute to the spread of the virus. Adequate rest and hydration support the body’s natural healing process.
Preventing the Spread
Preventing the spread of coxsackie conjunctivitis is important due to its highly contagious nature. Frequent and thorough handwashing with soap and water is recommended, particularly after touching the face or eyes. Avoid sharing personal items like towels, pillowcases, eye drops, or makeup to reduce the risk of spreading the virus. Regularly disinfecting frequently touched surfaces in homes and shared spaces also helps to eliminate viral particles.
Infected individuals should avoid close contact, especially during the contagious period, which can last 10 to 12 days from symptom onset, or as long as the eyes remain red. Staying home from school or work when experiencing symptoms helps contain outbreaks.