Coronaviruses have highlighted the importance of maintaining hygienic home environments. These respiratory viruses can persist on surfaces, posing a transmission risk. Consistent disinfection practices reduce viral spread. Understanding surface treatment methods contributes to healthier living spaces.
Cleaning Versus Disinfecting
Cleaning and disinfecting are distinct processes. Cleaning involves the physical removal of dirt, dust, and grime from surfaces, often using soap and water. This action reduces the number of germs present, but it does not necessarily eliminate them. Removing visible contaminants prepares a surface for further treatment.
Disinfecting, in contrast, involves using chemical products to kill germs, including viruses and bacteria, on surfaces. While cleaning removes organic matter, disinfection specifically targets and inactivates microorganisms. For viruses like coronavirus, disinfection is the step that renders them unable to cause infection. Both steps are often recommended, with cleaning occurring first to allow disinfectants to work more effectively on a clean surface.
Choosing Effective Disinfectants
Selecting disinfectants for coronavirus inactivation requires understanding chemical properties and regulatory guidance. Disinfectants effective against these viruses often contain active ingredients such as alcohol, at concentrations of 70% or higher, or hydrogen peroxide. Other common active ingredients include quaternary ammonium compounds (in household sprays/wipes) and sodium hypochlorite (bleach). Bleach solutions should be prepared correctly, using five tablespoons of bleach per gallon of water for effective disinfection.
To identify products proven to be effective against coronaviruses, consumers can refer to lists compiled by regulatory bodies. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) maintains a public resource known as List N, which identifies products suitable for use against specific viruses. Checking product labels for an EPA registration number and claims of efficacy against viruses similar to coronavirus or the virus itself ensures effectiveness. Always review product instructions, including required contact time, the duration the disinfectant must remain wet to kill germs.
Disinfecting Surfaces and Items
Effective disinfection requires specific approaches for different types of surfaces and items within a home.
Hard, Non-Porous Surfaces
For hard, non-porous surfaces like countertops, doorknobs, and light switches, clean the surface first. Apply the chosen disinfectant, ensuring the surface remains wet for the contact time specified on the product label (30 seconds to several minutes). Allow the disinfectant to air dry, or wipe it dry with a clean cloth after the contact time has elapsed.
Soft, Porous Surfaces
Soft, porous surfaces such as carpets, rugs, and curtains require different methods due to their absorbency. These items can be cleaned with appropriate cleaners or laundered according to manufacturer instructions using the warmest water setting suitable for the fabric. Some disinfectant sprays are formulated for soft surfaces; these should be used following the product directions, ensuring the material is thoroughly wetted and allowed to air dry. For items that cannot be laundered, vacuuming can help remove particles, and steam cleaning may be an option for some materials.
Electronics
Electronics like phones, keyboards, and tablets need careful disinfection to avoid damage. Always turn off and unplug electronic devices before cleaning. Use alcohol-based wipes or sprays containing at least 70% alcohol, applying them to a soft, lint-free cloth rather than directly to the device. Gently wipe the surfaces, avoiding excessive moisture that could seep into openings. Allow the surface to air dry completely before turning the device back on.
Personal Items and Groceries
Personal items and groceries require attention. For groceries, wipe down non-porous packaging with a disinfectant wipe or solution before storing them. For fresh produce, rinse it thoroughly under running water. Packages delivered to the home can be handled by opening them outside or in a designated area, discarding the outer packaging promptly, and washing hands thoroughly after handling.
Safety During Disinfection
Safe disinfectant use is as important as effectiveness. When handling and applying these products, wear protective gear such as disposable gloves to prevent skin irritation. Eye protection, like safety glasses, also provides a barrier against splashes, particularly with liquid solutions. Ensure adequate ventilation (open windows or use fans) to disperse fumes and minimize inhalation risks.
A primary safety rule is never to mix cleaning products, especially bleach with ammonia-based cleaners. Combining these chemicals can produce toxic gases that are harmful or even fatal upon inhalation. Always read and adhere to instructions and warnings on each product’s label. Disinfectants should be stored securely in their original containers, out of reach of children and pets, to prevent accidental ingestion or exposure.