A core needle biopsy is a common diagnostic procedure where a small tissue sample is removed from an area of concern using a hollow needle. This minimally invasive technique helps examine cells under a microscope to determine their nature. A small scar at the biopsy site is a normal outcome.
What to Expect After the Biopsy
Immediately after a core needle biopsy, you will notice a small puncture wound, often covered with a bandage or sterile strips. The site may appear red or swollen, and bruising is common, ranging from faint discoloration to a noticeable blue or purple mark. Bruising typically develops within 24 to 48 hours and gradually fades over one to two weeks as the body reabsorbs the blood.
Initial healing of the skin wound usually occurs within two to three weeks as the incision closes. Over the following months, the wound matures, and the initial pink or reddish mark will lighten and flatten. The scar’s final appearance and color are generally established one to two years after the biopsy. While most core needle biopsy scars are small and subtle, some individuals, particularly those with darker skin tones or biopsies on areas like the neck, chest, or back, may develop a raised or thickened scar known as a keloid.
Caring for the Biopsy Site
Proper care of the biopsy site is important for optimal healing and to minimize scar visibility. For the first 24 hours after the procedure, keep the bandage in place and the area dry to protect the wound. Some healthcare providers may advise against showering or bathing during this initial period, or suggest using a waterproof dressing. For breast biopsies, wearing a supportive sports bra for the first day or two can apply gentle pressure, which may reduce the chance of a blood collection forming.
After the initial 24 hours, remove the bandage and gently clean the site with mild soap and warm water. Avoid scrubbing or soaking the wound, as this can disrupt healing. After cleansing, pat the area dry and apply a thin layer of a petroleum-based ointment, such as Vaseline or Aquaphor, to keep the wound moist. This practice helps prevent scab formation, which can contribute to more noticeable scarring.
Continue to clean the site and apply ointment with a fresh bandage daily for one to two weeks, or as advised by your healthcare provider, until the wound is fully closed. During this period, avoid swimming, hot tubs, or prolonged baths, as soaking the wound can impede healing. Once the wound has closed and is no longer tender, gently massaging the area for a few minutes each day can help soften and flatten the developing scar tissue. Protecting the healing scar from direct sun exposure with clothing or sunscreen is beneficial to prevent hyperpigmentation, which can make the scar appear darker.
Signs of Complication
While core needle biopsies are generally safe, understanding potential signs of complications is important. Watch for signs of infection, which may include increasing redness, warmth, or swelling around the biopsy site that extends beyond the wound area. The presence of pus or a foul-smelling discharge from the site suggests an infection. A persistent fever or chills could indicate an infection that requires medical attention.
Other signs that warrant contacting your healthcare provider include bleeding that soaks through your bandage and does not stop after applying firm, direct pressure for 20 minutes, or a bruise that rapidly expands and feels unusually hard. Persistent or increasing pain not relieved by over-the-counter pain medication should be reported. Prompt communication with your healthcare team about any new or worsening symptoms ensures timely assessment and appropriate management.