Kalanchoe plants are popular succulents, chosen for their vibrant, long-lasting flowers and distinct foliage. Though sometimes mistakenly called “Keanu” leaves, the correct botanical name is Kalanchoe. They are a favored addition to many indoor plant collections and outdoor gardens in suitable climates.
Characteristics of Kalanchoe Leaves
Kalanchoe leaves are typically thick, fleshy, and succulent. Their waxy texture helps reduce water loss, an adaptation for these drought-tolerant plants. Common varieties display leaves in shades of green, sometimes with reddish edges, and can vary in shape from oval to scalloped or even fuzzy, depending on the species. These leaves store water, enabling the plant to endure drier periods and photosynthesize efficiently.
Common Problems Affecting Kalanchoe Leaves
Kalanchoe leaves can show signs of distress, often indicating environmental issues or improper care. Recognizing these symptoms early helps address potential problems, as each type of discoloration or change in texture points to specific underlying causes.
Yellowing Leaves
Yellowing Kalanchoe leaves can stem from several factors. Overwatering is a common cause, leading to saturated roots unable to absorb nutrients effectively. Nutrient deficiencies, particularly a lack of nitrogen, magnesium, or iron, can also cause yellowing. Extreme temperature fluctuations or insufficient light can also cause leaves to yellow. Natural aging processes can also result in older, lower leaves turning yellow before eventually falling off.
Brown Spots or Edges
Brown spots or edges on Kalanchoe leaves often indicate environmental stress or fungal issues. Direct, intense sunlight can scorch leaves, leading to brown patches, especially if the plant is accustomed to less light. Inconsistent watering can also cause browning. Fungal infections like leaf spot disease or Botrytis blight can appear as small, discolored lesions that eventually turn brown or gray. Cold damage can also present as brown or black spots.
Drooping or Mushy Leaves
When Kalanchoe leaves become drooping or mushy, overwatering is a common cause. Excess moisture in the soil deprives roots of oxygen, leading to root rot. This prevents the plant from properly absorbing water and nutrients, causing the leaves to wilt and feel mushy. Exposure to extreme cold can also cause leaves to become limp and mushy.
Crispy or Dry Leaves
Crispy or dry Kalanchoe leaves usually signal a lack of moisture or excessive heat. Underwatering causes the plant to dehydrate, resulting in shriveled, brittle leaves. Low humidity can also contribute to dry leaf edges. Too much direct sunlight or high temperatures can lead to the plant losing water faster than it can absorb it, causing the foliage to become dry and crispy.
Pests on Leaves
Several common pests can infest Kalanchoe leaves, feeding on plant sap and causing visible damage. Aphids cluster on new growth and leaf undersides, leading to curled or distorted leaves and a sticky residue. Mealybugs appear as white, cottony masses, often found in leaf axils, and can cause leaves to wilt and yellow. Spider mites can create fine webbing on leaves, resulting in stippling or a dusty appearance, often accompanied by yellowing. Regular inspection helps in early detection and management.
Care for Healthy Kalanchoe Leaves
Maintaining healthy Kalanchoe leaves involves providing appropriate environmental conditions and consistent care. Addressing the plant’s specific needs helps prevent many common leaf problems and ensures the plant thrives.
Light Requirements
Kalanchoe plants thrive in bright, indirect light. Placing them in a south- or west-facing window is often ideal indoors, providing ample light without harsh, direct sun. While they can tolerate some direct morning sun, intense afternoon sun can scorch leaves, leading to discoloration. Insufficient light can result in leggy growth and pale foliage.
Watering Practices
Proper watering is important for Kalanchoe, as these succulents store water in their leaves. Allow the soil to dry out completely between waterings to prevent root rot. During warmer months, watering every one to two weeks might be sufficient, while in cooler periods, reduce frequency to every three to four weeks. Using a pot with drainage holes is important to ensure excess water can escape.
Soil and Drainage
Kalanchoe plants require well-draining soil to prevent waterlogging and root issues. A good potting mix often includes components like potting soil, sand, perlite, or pumice to enhance drainage and aeration. Many commercial cactus or succulent mixes are suitable. Terra cotta pots can be beneficial as they help wick away excess moisture.
Temperature and Humidity
Kalanchoe plants prefer moderate temperatures, typically thriving between 55°F and 80°F (13°C and 27°C). Protect them from temperatures below 55°F (13°C), as they are not frost-tolerant. Avoiding placement near drafts, heating vents, or air conditioners helps maintain stable conditions. Kalanchoes prefer drier conditions, so misting is not necessary and can even encourage fungal problems.
Fertilizing
Kalanchoe plants are not heavy feeders and do not require frequent fertilization. During their active growing season (spring to early fall), apply a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer diluted to half strength every four to six weeks. Over-fertilizing can lead to salt buildup and potentially damage the plant. During fall and winter, when growth slows, reduce or stop fertilization entirely.
Propagating Kalanchoe from Leaves
Propagating Kalanchoe from leaves is a straightforward method to create new plants. Select a healthy, mature leaf from the parent plant, gently twisting it off at its base for a clean detachment. After removal, allow the leaf to dry for two to three days in a shaded, well-ventilated area. This important step, known as callusing, helps prevent rot when planted.
Once callused, insert the leaf’s cut end slightly into a pot filled with a well-draining succulent or cactus soil mix. Place the pot in bright, indirect light, and water sparingly, keeping the soil lightly moist until new growth and roots develop.