A suitable cage provides more than just shelter for pet mice; it forms their entire world. This habitat must meet their needs for space, safety, and stimulation, directly influencing their health and well-being. Understanding these environmental requirements is fundamental for caring for these small rodents.
Choosing the Right Cage
Selecting an appropriate cage begins with understanding the various types available. Wire cages with solid floors offer good ventilation and climbing opportunities. However, wide bar spacing can pose an escape risk for small mice, and wire levels might lead to foot injuries without solid coverings. Aquariums or glass tanks provide excellent visibility and prevent bedding from scattering, but often have limited ventilation, which can lead to ammonia buildup if not cleaned regularly. Plastic modular cages allow for expansion and customization with tunnels, though their smaller components can be difficult to clean.
Cage size is a primary consideration for the physical and mental health of pet mice. A generally accepted minimum is 200 square inches of floor space for a single mouse, with an additional 100 square inches for each subsequent mouse to prevent overcrowding and stress. This ample space allows for natural behaviors like running, exploring, and establishing distinct areas for sleeping and activity. Ensuring the cage has solid surfaces, such as plastic or metal floors, is also important to prevent bumblefoot, a foot ailment caused by prolonged contact with wire mesh.
Furnishing the Cage
Furnishing the cage with appropriate items creates a comfortable and stimulating environment. Bedding material, such as paper-based products or aspen shavings, is a foundational element. These materials are absorbent and allow mice to burrow, fulfilling a natural instinct. Cedar and pine shavings should be avoided due to aromatic oils that can irritate a mouse’s respiratory system. Bedding should be provided in a deep layer, ideally several inches thick, to facilitate burrowing and tunneling.
Food and water provisions require specific considerations for hygiene and accessibility. Heavy, ceramic food dishes are preferred because they are difficult to tip over and easy to clean, preventing spills and contamination. Water should be provided in a sipper tube bottle, which keeps the water clean and prevents bedding from becoming wet.
Enrichment items are important for mental stimulation and preventing boredom. An exercise wheel with a solid running surface and no crossbars is necessary to prevent tail or foot injuries. Tunnels, cardboard tubes, and safe chew toys made from untreated wood or cardboard provide opportunities for exploration and gnawing, promoting dental health. Hiding spots, such as small houses or igloos, offer secure retreats where mice can feel safe and rest undisturbed.
Maintaining the Cage Environment
Consistent cage maintenance is paramount for the health and well-being of pet mice. Daily spot cleaning involves removing soiled bedding, uneaten fresh food, and waste to manage odor and prevent bacterial growth. This routine minimizes ammonia accumulation from urine, which can irritate a mouse’s respiratory system.
A full cage cleaning should be performed weekly to ensure a hygienic living space. This involves temporarily relocating the mice to a secure holding area, removing all bedding and accessories, and thoroughly scrubbing the cage. A pet-safe cleaner or diluted mild soap and water can be used, followed by a thorough rinse to remove any residue.
All accessories, including food dishes, water bottles, and toys, should also be cleaned. After the cage and accessories are dry, fresh bedding and clean items can be returned. The cage’s placement should be away from direct sunlight, drafts, and loud noises, as these can cause stress and impact their health.