Cetylated fatty acids are a group of naturally occurring fats that have been chemically combined with an alcohol. This process, known as cetylation, creates a unique type of fat molecule. The most well-known of these is cetyl myristoleate. Unlike omega-3 fatty acids, which are essential nutrients that must be obtained through diet, cetylated fatty acids are not considered essential and are rarely found in foods.
Biological Function and Effects
The primary action of cetylated fatty acids is thought to occur at the cellular level. These molecules are believed to integrate into the membranes that enclose every cell in the body. This incorporation helps to maintain the integrity and fluidity of the cell membrane, which is important for proper cell function and signaling. By becoming part of the membrane, they support its structure and can influence how cells respond to their environment.
This influence on cell membranes extends to joint tissues, where cetylated fatty acids are thought to provide a lubricating effect. This helps to maintain normal joint flexibility and mobility. A proposed mechanism suggests these fatty acids help protect synovial tissues, which are a component of joints. The improved lubrication can contribute to greater comfort and ease of movement for individuals experiencing joint stiffness.
Cetylated fatty acids also appear to have anti-inflammatory properties. Research suggests they can reduce the production of certain inflammatory compounds in the body. Studies have shown they can decrease the expression of inflammatory messengers like interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). By managing these inflammatory pathways, cetylated fatty acids may help to lessen pain and swelling associated with inflammation.
Sources and Supplementation
Cetylated fatty acids are not a component of a typical diet and are almost exclusively available as a dietary supplement. These supplements are produced in a laboratory by combining fatty acids with cetyl alcohol. The final product is a stable fatty acid complex ready for delivery either orally or topically.
Supplements are available in two main forms: oral capsules for systemic effects and topical creams for localized application. Oral capsules are absorbed into the bloodstream and distributed systemically. Topical creams are designed to be absorbed through the skin directly at the site of discomfort, such as a specific joint, which allows for a targeted approach.
Oral supplements offer dosages ranging from 350 mg to over 1,000 mg per day, sometimes in combination with other ingredients like fish oil or soy lecithin. Topical creams are applied to the affected area multiple times a day. It is advisable for individuals to follow the instructions on the product label and consult with a healthcare professional before beginning any new supplement regimen.
Safety Profile
Cetylated fatty acids are considered well-tolerated for short-term use. Studies involving both oral and topical forms have not reported serious side effects. The European Food Safety Authority has reviewed cetylated fatty acids and considers daily oral doses up to 1.6 grams to be safe for adults.
Mild side effects, though not commonly reported, can occur. For oral supplements, there is a potential for minor stomach upset. Topical creams may cause minor skin irritation in sensitive individuals. Most research has focused on periods of use lasting from 30 to 68 days, and information regarding the safety of long-term use is limited.
Due to the limited data on long-term safety, caution is advised for certain populations. Individuals who are pregnant or nursing should avoid using cetylated fatty acid supplements, as there is insufficient information to confirm their safety in these groups. People with underlying health conditions or those taking other medications should consult their doctor before using these products.