Cannabis pollen is a fine, powdery substance produced by male cannabis plants for reproduction. It is distinct from kief or trichomes, which are resin glands found on female cannabis plants and are known for their high concentration of cannabinoids. Pollen does not contain significant amounts of these compounds.
The Role of Pollen in Cannabis Reproduction
Cannabis plants are typically dioecious, meaning individual plants are either male or female. Male cannabis plants develop small, round structures known as pollen sacs at the nodes where leaves meet the stem. These sacs are part of the stamen, the plant’s male reproductive organ.
When mature, these pollen sacs open, releasing pollen into the air. This pollen travels, often by wind, to fertilize the female cannabis plant. The female plant has pistils, delicate, hair-like structures designed to capture pollen.
Once pollen lands on a female pistil, it germinates, leading to fertilization of the ovules and the production of seeds. This process is how new cannabis strains are created through sexual reproduction. Male plants typically release pollen four to five weeks after flowering begins.
Collection and Storage for Cultivators
Cultivators collect cannabis pollen for breeding. One method involves isolating a male plant branch and gently shaking it over a collection surface, or placing a bag over a branch to release pollen. Another approach is to remove an entire male flower cluster and allow it to dry in a sealed container, where pollen will accumulate.
After collection, pollen must be thoroughly dried to prevent mold during storage. Dried pollen can then be placed into an airtight container, such as a glass jar or sealed plastic bag. For longer viability, storage in a freezer is recommended, where pollen can remain viable for up to a year. Some cultivators use desiccants or mix pollen with flour to further extend its shelf life by controlling moisture.
Cannabinoid Content and Allergic Potential
Cannabis pollen contains negligible amounts of cannabinoids like THC or CBD and will not produce psychoactive effects if consumed. The compounds responsible for the plant’s unique effects are concentrated within trichomes, found on the flowers and leaves of the female cannabis plant.
Cannabis pollen can act as an airborne allergen, similar to pollen from many other plants. In sensitive individuals, exposure to cannabis pollen can trigger hay fever-like symptoms, known as allergic rhinitis. These symptoms may include sneezing, runny nose, nasal congestion, and itchy or watery eyes. Cannabis pollen contains various proteins, some of which are known allergens, and its widespread presence in areas with extensive cultivation can contribute to seasonal allergies.