Jaw pain is a common symptom as wisdom teeth, also known as third molars, begin to emerge. These teeth typically erupt during the late teens or early twenties, and their arrival can cause discomfort as they attempt to break through the gums and bone.
Why Wisdom Teeth Cause Jaw Pain
Wisdom teeth can cause jaw pain through several mechanisms. As these molars push through the gums and bone, the pressure from their eruption can lead to discomfort and strain the surrounding tissues.
A common issue is impaction, where a wisdom tooth becomes stuck and cannot fully erupt. This can happen if there isn’t enough space in the jaw, causing the tooth to be angled towards a neighboring tooth, the back of the mouth, or even lie horizontally. Such impaction puts pressure on adjacent teeth and the jaw, leading to misalignment and pain.
Infections, such as pericoronitis, can also cause jaw pain. This occurs when a flap of gum tissue covers a partially erupted wisdom tooth, trapping food particles and bacteria beneath it. This trapped debris can lead to inflammation and infection that spreads into the surrounding jaw area. In less common instances, a fluid-filled sac, or cyst, can form around an impacted wisdom tooth, exerting pressure on the jawbone as it expands.
Other Symptoms Associated with Wisdom Teeth Issues
Jaw pain from wisdom teeth often occurs alongside other noticeable symptoms. Swelling and tenderness are common in the jaw or around the affected area, indicating inflammation. The gums directly surrounding the emerging wisdom tooth may appear red, inflamed, or even bleed.
Individuals might also experience difficulty opening their mouth fully, a condition known as trismus, or pain when attempting to chew. An unpleasant taste in the mouth or bad breath can develop, often a sign of bacterial infection due to trapped food debris. Headaches or earaches can also occur, sometimes radiating from the jaw tension and pressure caused by the wisdom teeth. Nearby teeth may also become sensitive or painful due to the pressure exerted by the emerging wisdom tooth.
When to Seek Professional Help
It is advisable to consult a dental professional when experiencing persistent or worsening jaw pain related to wisdom teeth. Signs such as significant swelling, fever, or difficulty swallowing or breathing warrant prompt attention, as these can indicate a spreading infection. Issues like difficulty opening the mouth or problems with chewing also signal the need for professional evaluation.
A dentist will perform an examination and take X-rays to assess the position of the wisdom teeth and determine if impaction or other complications are present. This diagnostic process helps identify the underlying cause of the pain and guides treatment decisions. Common treatment approaches may include cleaning the area, prescribing antibiotics for infection, or recommending extraction of the wisdom tooth if it is causing significant problems. Seeking timely dental care can prevent minor issues from escalating into more serious health concerns.
Managing Discomfort While Awaiting Treatment
While waiting for a dental appointment, several temporary measures can help alleviate jaw pain and discomfort. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can help manage pain and reduce inflammation. Applying a cold compress to the outside of the jaw can help reduce swelling and numb the area, while a warm compress can promote blood flow and ease muscle tension. These compresses should be applied for about 15 minutes at a time, with breaks in between.
Rinsing the mouth with warm salt water several times a day can help cleanse the area and reduce inflammation. To prepare, dissolve a few tablespoons of salt in a glass of warm water and swish it around the mouth for several minutes before spitting it out. Opting for a soft food diet can prevent further irritation to the affected area, as chewing hard or sticky foods might exacerbate the pain. Maintaining good oral hygiene, including gentle brushing and flossing around the painful area if possible, helps prevent further irritation and infection. It is important to remember that these are temporary relief measures and do not replace professional dental care.