Touching wild squirrels is generally not advised for the safety of both humans and the animals themselves. While squirrels may appear approachable, direct physical contact can lead to various risks. Understanding these potential hazards can help foster a safer environment for both wildlife and people.
Health Risks from Contact
Physical contact with squirrels can pose several health risks. Bites and scratches can break the skin, creating an entry point for bacteria and leading to infections. Even minor wounds may require medical attention due to bacteria squirrels carry.
Squirrels can transmit various zoonotic diseases. These include leptospirosis, a bacterial infection spread through contact with infected urine, causing fever, headache, and vomiting. Salmonellosis, from Salmonella bacteria in droppings, can lead to gastrointestinal issues. Ringworm, a fungal infection, can also be transmitted, resulting in a red, scaly rash.
Squirrels can host parasites like ticks, fleas, and mites. These can transfer to humans and pets, potentially transmitting illnesses such as Lyme disease. While squirrels can carry the rabies virus, human transmission is rare, with no documented cases of spread to people. Any bite from a wild animal should still be reported to health authorities for assessment.
Impact on Squirrel Welfare
Human interaction can affect the well-being of wild squirrels. When accustomed to human presence, they may lose their natural fear, a process known as habituation. This can make them more vulnerable to dangers like predators or vehicle traffic.
Encouraging close contact or hand-feeding can lead to squirrels associating humans with food. This can cause them to become overly dependent on human-provided food sources, reducing their natural foraging instincts. Such dependency can negatively impact their ability to find food independently, particularly during harsh weather conditions when human handouts might be scarce.
Human foods are often not suitable for squirrels and can lead to nutritional imbalances or sickness. When squirrels become habituated, they might also exhibit aggressive behavior if their expectations for food are not met, potentially leading to bites or scratches. Interfering with wildlife also carries legal implications, as many jurisdictions have regulations against disturbing wild animals.
Responsible Interaction and Observation
Observing squirrels from a safe distance allows appreciation of their natural behaviors without posing risks. Binoculars can enhance observation while maintaining separation. It is advised not to feed squirrels, as this practice contributes to habituation and unhealthy dietary habits.
If an injured, sick, or orphaned squirrel is encountered, do not approach or touch the animal. Wild animals, even those in distress, can bite or scratch when threatened. Instead, contact local wildlife rehabilitation centers, animal control services, or a veterinarian specializing in wildlife. These professionals are equipped to handle wildlife safely and provide appropriate care. Contacting them ensures the animal receives the best possible intervention.