Tornadoes are powerful and destructive forces. While terrifying, survival is possible with preparation and rapid action. Understanding these storms and implementing safety measures increases survival chances.
Key Factors Influencing Survival
Tornado survival depends on factors like intensity and shelter integrity. Tornadoes are rated on the Enhanced Fujita (EF) Scale, with higher ratings indicating stronger winds. The EF scale describes a tornado’s power, but building type provides varying protection; mobile homes, for example, offer minimal safety and are highly vulnerable.
Warning time is a significant factor. Advances in forecasting increased average warning time to 13-16 minutes, providing a crucial window for shelter. However, some tornadoes form rapidly with little warning. Flying debris is the primary cause of injury and fatality, making protection from projectiles important.
Preparing for a Tornado
Proactive preparation is important for tornado safety. Establish a family emergency plan with designated meeting places. Practicing tornado drills ensures everyone knows where to go and what to do.
Identify safe places within the home, such as a basement, storm cellar, or interior room on the lowest level, away from windows. Mobile homes are not safe; seek sturdy shelter nearby. Assemble an emergency kit with water, non-perishable food, first-aid, flashlights, batteries, and a NOAA weather radio. Stay informed through weather alerts for timely information.
Actions During a Tornado
When a tornado warning is issued, take immediate action for safety. If inside, the safest location is typically a basement or storm cellar. If unavailable, move to an interior room on the lowest floor, like a bathroom, closet, or hallway, away from windows and outside walls. Cover your head and neck with arms, a mattress, or blankets for protection from flying debris.
If caught outdoors without sturdy shelter, lie flat in a ditch or low-lying area, covering your head. Get away from trees and cars, as they can become dangerous projectiles. Do not attempt to outrun a tornado in a vehicle due to unpredictable movement and high wind speeds. Abandon the vehicle for a sturdy building or lie down in a ditch, covering your head. If remaining in the vehicle is the only option, stay buckled, get below the windows, and cover your head.
Immediate Safety After a Tornado
After a tornado passes, new safety considerations emerge. Remain in your safe location until authorities give an “all clear,” as conditions can change rapidly or additional tornadoes may follow. Check yourself and others for injuries and administer first aid if necessary. Do not move seriously injured individuals unless in immediate danger.
Be aware of hazards like downed power lines; assume they are live and report them. Avoid damaged buildings, as they may be unstable or have hidden dangers like broken glass, exposed nails, or gas leaks. If you smell gas or hear hissing, open windows, leave the building, and contact the gas company from a safe location. Continue monitoring NOAA Weather Radio or local alerts for updated information.