It is common for pregnant individuals to have concerns about bowel movements, particularly the act of pushing. This worry is understandable, as pregnancy brings many physiological changes that can affect digestive health. Understanding these changes and how to manage them can help alleviate anxiety and promote comfort throughout pregnancy.
Understanding the Impact of Straining
While straining during bowel movements might feel uncomfortable, it is unlikely to harm the baby, as the fetus is well-protected within the uterus.
However, consistent or excessive straining can lead to various issues for the pregnant individual.
Straining can increase pressure on the veins around the anus, potentially leading to hemorrhoids. Hemorrhoids are swollen veins that can cause pain, itching, and sometimes bleeding.
Anal fissures, which are small tears in the lining of the anus, can also result from passing hard stools and straining. These fissures can be painful, especially during bowel movements.
Why Pregnancy Affects Bowel Movements
Pregnancy introduces several physiological changes affecting bowel regularity. Hormonal shifts, particularly increased progesterone, relax muscles throughout the body, including intestinal ones. This slows food and waste movement, allowing more water absorption from stool, making it harder to pass.
As the pregnancy progresses, the growing uterus places physical pressure on the intestines and rectum. This pressure can further impede the passage of stool, contributing to constipation.
Additionally, iron supplements often prescribed during pregnancy can contribute to constipation, as can reduced physical activity.
Tips for Comfortable Bowel Movements
Several strategies can help promote comfortable bowel movements and minimize straining during pregnancy. Increase dietary fiber intake to 25 to 30 grams daily, including fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, seeds, and legumes. Prunes, for example, contain sorbitol, which helps draw fluid into the colon to soften stool.
Adequate hydration is also important, as it helps soften stools and maintain their smooth movement through the digestive tract. Aim for at least eight to ten 8-ounce glasses of water or other fluids daily.
Regular, moderate physical activity, if approved by a healthcare provider, can stimulate bowel activity. Low-impact exercises like walking, swimming, or prenatal yoga are generally suitable.
Proper toilet posture can also aid in easier bowel movements. Elevating the feet on a footstool, such as a Squatty Potty, can help straighten the rectum, making stool passage smoother and reducing the need to strain. This position can relax the pelvic floor muscles.
If lifestyle changes are insufficient, stool softeners like docusate sodium are generally considered safe during pregnancy, but it is important to consult a healthcare provider before taking any medication.
When to Consult a Healthcare Provider
While minor bowel issues are common during pregnancy, certain symptoms warrant medical attention. It is advisable to consult a healthcare provider if constipation is severe and persistent, or if it does not improve with lifestyle adjustments.
Any rectal bleeding, especially if it is significant or accompanied by changes in stool color (such as black or tarry stools), should prompt immediate medical evaluation.
Severe pain during bowel movements, abdominal pain, or other concerning symptoms like vomiting or unexplained weight loss should also be discussed with a doctor. These symptoms could indicate an underlying condition requiring diagnosis and treatment. Consult your healthcare provider for appropriate guidance.