A yeast infection, medically known as candidiasis, is a common fungal infection caused by an overgrowth of Candida, a type of yeast naturally present on the body. While often associated with women, men can also develop yeast infections, and transmission between partners is possible.
Understanding Yeast Infections and Male Transmission
Yeast infections result from an overgrowth of Candida albicans, a fungus that naturally resides on skin and mucous membranes. In men, this overgrowth can lead to Candida balanitis, which is inflammation of the head of the penis. This fungus thrives in warm, moist environments, making areas like the foreskin of uncircumcised men particularly susceptible.
Sexual contact is a primary route through which Candida can be transmitted to men. Approximately 15% of men may develop symptoms after sexual intercourse with a female partner who has a vaginal yeast infection. However, not all men exposed to Candida will develop a symptomatic infection, as some may carry the fungus without experiencing any signs. While transmissible through sexual activity, a yeast infection is not classified as a sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the same way as bacterial or viral STIs, because it can also develop without sexual contact. Other factors contributing to yeast overgrowth include poor hygiene, diabetes, a weakened immune system, or prolonged antibiotic use.
Symptoms and Diagnosis in Men
When a yeast infection develops in men, symptoms commonly appear on the head of the penis and under the foreskin. These can include redness, itching, and a burning sensation in the affected area. A rash may also be present, sometimes accompanied by shiny, white patches or small red spots. Some men might notice a thick, white discharge that resembles cottage cheese or has an unpleasant smell.
Additional symptoms can include soreness, difficulty pulling back the foreskin, or pain during urination or sexual activity. A healthcare provider typically diagnoses a male yeast infection through a physical examination of the genitals. In some cases, to confirm the presence of Candida and rule out other conditions, the provider may collect a sample from the infected area for microscopic examination or laboratory testing.
Prevention and Seeking Medical Advice
Practicing good hygiene is an effective way to help prevent male yeast infections. Keeping the genital area clean and thoroughly dry, especially after bathing or sexual activity, can discourage fungal overgrowth. Avoiding harsh or scented soaps and wearing breathable clothing, such as cotton underwear, can also help maintain a less hospitable environment for Candida.
It is important for men to seek medical advice if they suspect they have a yeast infection. Symptoms of a yeast infection can mimic those of other conditions, including certain sexually transmitted infections, making accurate diagnosis by a healthcare professional crucial. Treatment for male yeast infections commonly involves antifungal creams or ointments applied directly to the affected area. In more persistent or severe cases, a doctor may prescribe oral antifungal medication. If a female partner experiences recurrent yeast infections, it may be advisable for both partners to be evaluated and treated to prevent reinfection.