Hydroxyzine is a medication commonly prescribed to alleviate symptoms of anxiety, treat allergic reactions like itching, and manage nausea. It belongs to a class of drugs known as antihistamines, possessing sedative properties that contribute to its calming effects. While generally considered safe when used as directed, an overdose is possible and can lead to serious health complications, particularly when exceeding recommended dosages or combined with other substances.
Recognizing an Overdose
Recognizing a hydroxyzine overdose involves observing symptoms that go beyond typical side effects. Central nervous system effects can be pronounced, including severe drowsiness, confusion, disorientation, slurred speech, unsteadiness, hallucinations, uncontrolled muscle movements, and in severe cases, seizures or coma.
The cardiovascular system can also be significantly impacted. Individuals might experience a rapid heartbeat (tachycardia) or more serious abnormal heart rhythms, such as QT prolongation or ventricular arrhythmias. A dangerous drop in blood pressure (hypotension) can also occur, leading to dizziness, fainting, or shock.
Gastrointestinal symptoms frequently include nausea and vomiting. Other signs can manifest as severe dry mouth, blurred vision, or difficulty with urination. These severe overdose symptoms differ from common, milder side effects like mild drowsiness, headache, and a general feeling of dry mouth.
Immediate Actions for Suspected Overdose
Prompt action is essential if a hydroxyzine overdose is suspected. Immediately call emergency services by dialing 911. Simultaneously contact the national Poison Control Center hotline at 1-800-222-1222.
When speaking with emergency responders or Poison Control, provide as much detail as possible about the situation. This includes the approximate amount of hydroxyzine taken, the time it was ingested, and any other substances involved, such as alcohol or other medications. Sharing the person’s age, weight, and any existing medical conditions can also be very helpful.
Do not induce vomiting unless specifically instructed by medical professionals, as this can sometimes cause more harm. Remain with the individual until help arrives to monitor their condition and provide support. If the person is unconscious but breathing, positioning them safely can help maintain an open airway.
Factors Influencing Overdose Severity
The dosage taken is the most direct factor influencing overdose severity; higher amounts generally lead to more severe symptoms. The body’s ability to process and eliminate the drug can be overwhelmed with excessive intake.
Co-ingestion with other substances, particularly central nervous system (CNS) depressants, significantly increases the risk and severity of an overdose. Substances like alcohol, opioids, or benzodiazepines can amplify hydroxyzine’s sedative effects, leading to profound respiratory depression. This combination can suppress breathing to dangerous levels.
Individual factors also play a role. Very young children and elderly individuals may be more sensitive to hydroxyzine’s effects due to differences in metabolism and organ function. Underlying health conditions, such as liver or kidney impairment, can hinder the body’s ability to metabolize and excr ete the drug, leading to higher concentrations. Pre-existing heart conditions, especially those involving abnormal heart rhythms like QT prolongation, can increase the risk of serious cardiovascular complications during an overdose.
Safe Use and Prevention
Preventing hydroxyzine overdose begins with strictly adhering to the prescribed dosage. Take only the amount directed by a healthcare provider and never exceed it, even if symptoms persist. Understanding that more medication does not equate to faster or better results is important for safe use.
Proper storage of hydroxyzine is a key preventative measure. Keep medications out of reach of children and pets, ideally in a secure and locked location. Prescribed medications are for the individual for whom they were intended and should never be shared.
Patients should inform their healthcare provider about all other medications they are taking, including over-the-counter drugs, supplements, and herbal remedies. Discussing alcohol consumption is important, as dangerous interactions can occur. Being aware of common side effects helps individuals distinguish them from severe overdose symptoms.