Mouth ulcers, also known as canker sores, can appear on the gums, causing discomfort and making eating or speaking challenging. This article covers their causes, relief methods, when to seek dental care, and prevention strategies.
Understanding Gum Ulcers
Gum ulcers are small, round or oval sores inside the mouth. They have a white, yellow, or gray center surrounded by a distinct red border. These sores are painful and sensitive, especially when eating, drinking, or brushing teeth. Unlike cold sores, which are caused by a virus and appear on the lips or outside the mouth, gum ulcers are not contagious. They are also distinct from generalized gum inflammation, such as gingivitis, which involves broader redness and swelling of the gums.
Common Causes of Gum Ulcers
Minor injuries are a frequent cause, such as accidentally biting the gum, harsh brushing, or irritation from dental work, braces, or dentures. Certain oral hygiene products, especially those containing sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), might also contribute to ulcer formation. Eating acidic or spicy foods can irritate the mouth lining and potentially trigger ulcers.
Stress and anxiety are recognized triggers, as they can impact the immune system, leading to an increased likelihood of ulcers. Nutritional deficiencies, particularly low levels of iron, vitamin B12, or folate, can also contribute to recurrent gum ulcers. Hormonal changes, such as those occurring during menstruation or pregnancy, can make gums more susceptible to irritation and ulcer development.
Effective Relief and Healing
Over-the-counter pain relievers can help reduce discomfort. Topical anesthetic gels applied directly to the ulcer can also provide temporary numbing relief. Rinsing the mouth with a warm saltwater solution can help soothe the area, reduce inflammation, and aid in healing due to salt’s natural antiseptic properties.
Avoid irritating foods like spicy, acidic, crunchy, or very hot items, as these can worsen pain. Maintain good oral hygiene, using a soft-bristled toothbrush and brushing gently around the ulcer to prevent further irritation. Applying honey, coconut oil, or aloe vera gel directly to the ulcer may also offer relief and support healing.
When to See a Dentist
While most gum ulcers resolve on their own, some signs warrant professional dental attention. Consult a dentist if an ulcer is unusually large or persists for over two to three weeks. Recurrent or frequent ulcers also require evaluation to identify underlying causes. Consult a dentist if an ulcer causes severe pain interfering with eating or speaking, or if you have fever, swollen lymph nodes, or difficulty swallowing. A dentist can accurately diagnose the condition, rule out more serious issues like oral cancer, and recommend appropriate treatments, which might include stronger medicated rinses or gels.
Preventing Recurrence
Implementing long-term strategies can help reduce the likelihood of gum ulcers returning. Maintaining excellent oral hygiene, including brushing gently with a soft-bristled toothbrush, is important to prevent minor trauma to the gums. Avoiding known triggers, such as specific foods or oral care products that cause irritation, can also be beneficial. Managing stress through relaxation techniques, adequate sleep, and a balanced diet can help support overall health and potentially reduce ulcer frequency. Regular dental check-ups are also important, as a dentist can identify and address any dental issues that might contribute to ulcer formation.