Dental cleanings are safe and highly recommended during pregnancy. Maintaining good oral health is an important part of prenatal care. Prioritizing routine dental visits helps manage potential oral health changes that can occur throughout pregnancy.
The Safety of Dental Cleanings During Pregnancy
Dental cleanings are safe throughout pregnancy. Professional dental organizations endorse these procedures, emphasizing that the benefits of maintaining oral health outweigh any perceived risks. The substances used during a typical cleaning, such as fluoride and dental polish, are not harmful in small amounts, as they are not ingested beyond trace quantities.
Concerns about dental procedures often include the use of local anesthesia and dental X-rays. Local anesthetics, such as lidocaine, are generally considered safe for pregnant women, with studies indicating no increased risk of miscarriage, birth defects, or low birth weight. Regarding X-rays, modern dental equipment uses minimal and highly directional radiation. The American Dental Association (ADA) no longer recommends routine lead aprons due to advanced technology and low radiation exposure. However, a dentist may still use one for patient comfort or preference. The radiation from a dental X-ray is comparable to that received during a short airplane flight.
Why Dental Health is Crucial During Pregnancy
Hormonal changes during pregnancy can significantly affect gum health, increasing susceptibility to oral conditions. Approximately 60% to 75% of pregnant women experience pregnancy gingivitis, a mild form of gum disease characterized by red, swollen, tender, and bleeding gums. This inflammation is aggravated by increased hormone levels, particularly estrogen, which can heighten capillary permeability in the gums.
When left untreated, gingivitis can advance to periodontitis, a more severe gum infection that leads to the destruction of tissues and bone supporting the teeth. Periodontitis is linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes, including an increased risk of preterm birth and low birth weight. Some studies suggest a doubled risk of preterm birth in pregnant women with periodontitis compared to those without the condition. Additionally, poor maternal oral health can lead to the transmission of cavity-causing bacteria to the newborn, increasing the child’s risk of early childhood cavities.
Important Considerations for Pregnant Patients
Inform the dental office about your pregnancy and due date when scheduling a cleaning. This allows for tailored care and necessary accommodations. Communicating any concerns, discomfort, or symptoms like nausea is also beneficial.
The second trimester, typically weeks 13 to 27, is often considered the most comfortable and safest time for routine dental cleanings and non-emergency procedures. During this period, morning sickness usually subsides, and the baby’s major organs have largely developed. However, cleanings can be performed safely at any stage of pregnancy if needed.
Patient comfort in the dental chair is important. As pregnancy progresses, especially in the third trimester, lying flat on the back can become uncomfortable due to pressure on major blood vessels. To prevent potential low blood pressure or dizziness, the dental team can adjust the chair to a semi-reclined position, or place a pillow under the right hip to encourage a slight left-side lean, facilitating proper blood flow.