Chlamydia is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. In 2020, an estimated 128.5 million new chlamydia infections occurred among adults aged 15–49 years globally.
Yes, You Can Get Chlamydia Again
A person can contract chlamydia multiple times. Treatment successfully clears the current infection, but it does not provide lasting immunity against future infections. While some studies suggest partial immunity may develop, it is often not enough to prevent reinfection.
Common Reasons for Reinfection
Several factors contribute to chlamydia reinfection. A primary reason is sexual contact with an untreated partner. If a sexual partner has chlamydia and does not receive treatment, they can reinfect their partner even after the initial infection has been cured.
Engaging in unprotected sex with a new partner who has chlamydia also leads to reinfection. Many individuals with chlamydia experience no symptoms, so they may unknowingly transmit the infection. Incomplete treatment, such as not finishing the full course of prescribed antibiotics, is another contributing factor. This can leave some bacteria in the body, leading to a persistent infection.
Steps to Avoid Reinfection
Preventing chlamydia reinfection involves several practical strategies. Ensuring all sexual partners from the past 60 days are tested and treated simultaneously is important. This “partner notification” helps break the cycle of transmission. Abstaining from sexual activity until both individuals and their partners have completed treatment and received confirmation of cure is also advised.
Consistent and correct use of barrier methods, such as condoms, during sexual activity significantly reduces the risk of transmission. Regular STI screenings are also important, especially for individuals with multiple partners or those under 25. Retesting for chlamydia is recommended approximately three months after treatment to check for potential reinfection.
Health Implications of Multiple Infections
Repeated chlamydia infections can lead to serious health consequences, particularly for women. Recurrent infections increase the risk of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID), which can cause chronic pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility. PID occurs when the infection spreads from the cervix to the upper reproductive organs.
For men, untreated chlamydia can lead to epididymitis, an inflammation of the coiled tube behind the testicle, causing pain and, in rare cases, fertility issues. Chlamydia infection can also increase susceptibility to HIV infection if exposed. A rare complication, reactive arthritis, can also occur, causing joint pain, swelling, and sometimes affecting the eyes and urinary tract.