Yes, cancer can occur in the armpit area, medically known as the axilla. This region is a significant site for potential cancerous growths due to its anatomical features. The armpit contains a dense network of lymph nodes, which are small, bean-shaped structures that filter fluids and trap foreign substances, including cancer cells. The proximity of breast tissue and the presence of skin also make it susceptible to various cancers.
Cancers That Can Affect the Armpit
Several types of cancer can affect the armpit region, either originating there or spreading from other parts of the body.
Lymphoma
Lymphoma, a cancer of the lymphatic system, can begin directly in the lymph nodes in the armpit. This occurs when white blood cells, called lymphocytes, grow and multiply abnormally within these nodes.
Skin Cancers
Skin cancers, such as melanoma or squamous cell carcinoma, can also develop on the skin of the armpit. These cancers arise from the skin cells and can appear as new or changing moles, or as persistent sores. The armpit’s exposure to sun can make it a potential site for these malignancies.
Breast Cancer
Breast cancer is a common concern when considering armpit masses, as the axillary lymph nodes are often the first place breast cancer cells spread outside of the breast. If breast cancer cells migrate through the lymphatic channels, they frequently become trapped in these nodes, leading to their enlargement. In some cases, breast cancer can even originate in accessory breast tissue located within the armpit.
Recognizing Potential Symptoms
Potential armpit symptoms include changes in lumps, skin, and other physical indicators. A lump that is firm, feels hard, and does not move easily under the skin can be a concerning sign. Cancerous lumps often have an irregular shape, unlike the more uniform feel of benign masses.
Skin changes should also be noted, such as persistent redness, dimpling, or any new sores that do not heal. Swelling of the entire armpit region, or a feeling of numbness in the arm or hand, may also occur. While less common for localized armpit cancers, systemic symptoms like unexplained weight loss, persistent fever, or night sweats can also accompany some types of cancer affecting the lymph nodes.
Common Non-Cancerous Armpit Conditions
Many common, benign conditions can cause lumps or discomfort in the armpit, often mistaken for cancerous growths. Swollen lymph nodes are a frequent cause of armpit lumps and typically indicate the body is fighting an infection or inflammation. Viral infections like the flu or mononucleosis, or bacterial infections, can cause these nodes to enlarge.
Cysts, such as sebaceous cysts, are fluid-filled sacs that can develop under the skin and feel like a lump. Folliculitis, an inflammation of hair follicles, or an abscess (a collection of pus), can also cause painful, swollen bumps, often resulting from shaving or irritation. Lipomas, which are benign fatty growths, are soft, movable lumps that typically do not cause pain. Allergic reactions to deodorants, antiperspirants, or other skin products can also lead to temporary swelling or lumps in the armpit area.
When to Seek Medical Advice
If you discover a lump or notice any concerning changes in your armpit, seek medical advice. While many armpit lumps are benign, a medical evaluation can determine the cause and provide reassurance. It is particularly advisable to seek medical attention if a lump persists for more than a week, grows larger, or is accompanied by other symptoms like persistent fever, night sweats, or unexplained weight loss.
A doctor will perform a physical examination of the armpit. Depending on the findings, further diagnostic tests like an ultrasound or mammogram may be recommended. In some cases, a biopsy, taking a tissue sample for analysis, may be necessary to determine if the lump is cancerous. Early detection and diagnosis are important for effective management.