A fungal infection on the scalp, commonly known as scalp ringworm or Tinea capitis, frequently affects the skin and hair follicles of the head. It is contagious and impacts individuals of various ages, though particularly prevalent among children. This infection is caused by specific microorganisms and can lead to a range of noticeable symptoms.
Understanding Scalp Fungus
Scalp fungus, or Tinea capitis, is an infection caused by mold-like fungi called dermatophytes. These fungi feed on keratin, a protein found in the outer layer of skin, hair, and nails. When dermatophytes infect the scalp, they penetrate hair follicles and hair shafts, leading to changes in affected areas.
While many types of fungi exist in the environment, only certain dermatophyte species are responsible for Tinea capitis. In the United States, Trichophyton tonsurans is a common cause, while Microsporum canis is frequently encountered in other regions. These fungi thrive in warm, moist environments, and their presence on the scalp can lead to an infection.
Recognizing and Catching Scalp Fungus
Scalp fungus presents with several common signs and symptoms. Individuals may experience intense itchiness on the scalp, often accompanied by dry, scaly patches resembling severe dandruff. These patches might be red or purple, appearing brown or grayish in individuals with darker skin tones. Hair thinning or noticeable hair loss, forming circular or irregular bald patches, is another characteristic symptom as fungi weaken the hair structure.
In some cases, the infection can manifest as pus-filled bumps or painful, inflamed, swollen areas known as kerions. These severe inflammatory reactions can lead to scarring and permanent hair loss. The infection is highly contagious and primarily spreads through direct contact with an infected person or animal. Indirect transmission also occurs when individuals share personal items like combs, hats, towels, or pillowcases that harbor fungal spores.
Effective Management and Prevention
If scalp fungus is suspected, seek advice from a healthcare professional for accurate diagnosis. A doctor can diagnose Tinea capitis through physical examination and may take samples of hair or skin scrapings for microscopic examination or fungal culture. These tests confirm the presence of fungus and identify the specific type.
Treatment for scalp fungus involves oral antifungal medications, as topical creams and shampoos alone are insufficient to cure the infection. Common medications include griseofulvin, terbinafine, itraconazole, or fluconazole. The full course of treatment must be completed to prevent recurrence. Medicated shampoos containing selenium sulfide or ketoconazole are recommended alongside oral medications to reduce spore spread and complement treatment.
Preventing scalp fungus involves practicing good hygiene and avoiding situations that facilitate its spread. Avoid sharing personal items such as combs, brushes, hats, and towels. Regularly washing hair and ensuring the scalp is kept clean and dry can reduce the risk of infection. Wash hands after touching pets, and consider veterinary checks if a fungal infection is suspected, as pets can be carriers.