Cold sores, small blisters around the lips and mouth, are caused by the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). While typically appearing on or around the mouth, HSV-1 can affect other body areas, including the throat.
How HSV-1 Affects the Throat
When HSV-1 affects the throat, it often causes herpetic pharyngitis or herpetic tonsillitis. This condition is most frequently observed during a primary HSV-1 infection, the initial exposure to the virus. During this first encounter, the virus replicates, leading to more widespread symptoms, including those in the throat. Unlike recurrent cold sores on the lips, throat involvement is a less common but possible manifestation of the body’s initial reaction.
Recognizing Symptoms
An HSV-1 throat infection causes noticeable symptoms, often making eating and drinking difficult. Individuals may experience a severe sore throat, significant pain when swallowing, and a general feeling of being unwell, including fever. Swollen lymph nodes in the neck are also a common indicator of infection. A key sign distinguishing this from other throat infections is the presence of small, painful blisters or ulcers on the tonsils, back of the throat, or roof of the mouth. These symptoms are typically more pronounced during the initial infection.
Seeking Medical Care and Treatment
If you suspect an HSV-1 throat infection, especially with severe pain or difficulty swallowing, seek medical advice. A healthcare provider can diagnose the condition through a physical examination, looking for characteristic blisters or ulcers in the mouth and throat. To confirm, a viral culture or PCR test from the sores may be performed. Antiviral medications like acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir are primary treatment options, inhibiting viral replication and reducing symptom severity and duration. Supportive care, including pain relievers, adequate hydration, and salt water gargles, can also help manage discomfort.
Preventing Spread
HSV-1 is highly contagious, especially when active lesions are present, even in the throat. Transmission commonly occurs through close contact, such as kissing, or by sharing personal items that have come into contact with saliva, like eating utensils. Even without visible sores, the virus can still be shed and transmitted, though the risk is highest during an outbreak. To reduce spread, avoid close physical contact during outbreaks and refrain from sharing personal items. Consistent hand hygiene is also a preventive measure.