Otitis externa, commonly known as “swimmer’s ear,” is an inflammation or infection of the external ear canal. This condition often arises when water remains trapped in the ear, fostering bacterial growth, though it can also be caused by injury to the ear canal skin. Understanding how flying impacts this condition is important for anyone planning air travel with otitis externa.
How Flying Affects Ears
Air travel can significantly impact the ears, primarily due to rapid changes in cabin pressure during ascent and descent. The cabin pressure in an airplane is regulated, but it still changes, typically simulating an altitude of 6,000 to 8,000 feet. These pressure fluctuations create a difference between the air pressure in the airplane cabin and the pressure within the middle ear. The Eustachian tubes, narrow passages connecting the middle ear to the back of the throat, are responsible for equalizing this pressure by opening and allowing air to flow in or out.
When these pressure changes occur too quickly, or if the Eustachian tubes are not functioning optimally, the eardrum can be stretched inward or outward, leading to discomfort or pain, a condition known as ear barotrauma or “airplane ear.” Otitis externa primarily affects the outer ear canal, but the inflammation and swelling associated with it can make pressure equalization more difficult and intensify pain. Severe inflammation can exacerbate the discomfort caused by pressure changes, potentially leading to increased pain, a feeling of fullness, and even temporary muffled hearing. In severe cases, the intense pressure can even lead to a ruptured eardrum.
Managing Otitis Externa While Flying
If flying with otitis externa is unavoidable, several strategies can help manage discomfort and reduce potential complications. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can help reduce pain and inflammation. Taking these medications about an hour before takeoff can help to mitigate symptoms during the flight.
Techniques to equalize ear pressure are also beneficial. These include:
- Swallowing, yawning, or chewing gum to encourage the Eustachian tubes to open.
- Performing the Valsalva maneuver by gently blowing air out while pinching the nostrils closed and keeping the mouth shut.
- Using pressure-regulating earplugs, such as EarPlanes, to slow the rate of pressure change.
- Keeping the ears dry during the flight and after landing to prevent further irritation.
- Adhering to the medication schedule for prescribed ear drops before and during the flight.
When to Seek Medical Advice
Consulting a healthcare professional before flying with otitis externa is important, especially if there is any doubt about flying safely or if symptoms are worsening. Certain symptoms suggest that flying is ill-advised or requires immediate medical attention. These include severe ear pain, fever, active discharge from the ear, or significant hearing loss.
A doctor can assess the severity of the infection, provide appropriate treatment such as prescription ear drops, and offer personalized advice regarding air travel. If there has been a recent eardrum perforation, flying is generally not recommended due to increased risks. If symptoms persist or worsen after flying, or if there is any concern about the ear’s condition, seeking prompt medical advice is recommended.