Mullein (Verbascum thapsus) is a common biennial plant found across Europe, Asia, North Africa, and widely introduced in the Americas and Australia. Recognized for its distinctive appearance, it has a long history of use in traditional practices. This article explores mullein’s edibility, detailing which parts can be consumed and outlining essential information for those considering its use.
Identifying Mullein Safely
Accurate identification of mullein is important. In its first year, mullein forms a basal rosette of large, soft, fuzzy leaves, up to two feet wide. These gray-green, oblong leaves are densely covered in fine, woolly hairs, giving them a velvety texture. This initial growth is often called “flannel leaf” or “bunny ears” due to its soft feel.
During its second year, the plant develops a tall, erect flower stalk, reaching six to ten feet or more. This stalk is lined with numerous small, pale yellow flowers, each with five petals, blooming from June to September. The flowers are grouped densely on the spike and open a few at a time, progressing up the stalk. Mullein thrives in well-lit, disturbed soils, often found in open fields, roadsides, and waste areas. Its robust height and woolly characteristics make it distinctive.
Edible Parts and Culinary Uses
Mullein leaves and flowers are considered edible. Younger leaves can be prepared similarly to spinach or incorporated into soups and stews, where their fuzzy texture may be less prominent. Mullein leaves contain beneficial compounds, including flavonoids, antioxidants, and minerals like magnesium, potassium, and iron.
Flowers can be added to salads or used in infusions. Mullein tea is a common method of consumption, made from dried leaves or flowers. To prepare, one to two teaspoons of dried mullein are typically steeped in eight ounces of boiling water for 10-15 minutes. It is important to strain the tea through a fine-mesh filter or cheesecloth to remove tiny hairs, which can cause throat irritation.
Important Precautions for Consumption
Consuming mullein requires precautions. The fine, star-shaped hairs on leaves and flowers can irritate the skin, mucous membranes, and throat if not properly removed. Thorough straining of teas or infusions is important to prevent this irritation.
Mullein seeds are toxic and should not be consumed. Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals should avoid consumption or consult a healthcare professional due to limited safety research. Individuals with kidney disease should also avoid mullein. Harvest mullein from unpolluted areas, away from roadsides or chemically treated lands, to avoid contaminants. Consult a healthcare professional before incorporating mullein into your diet, especially if on medication or with existing health conditions.