Eczema, a common skin condition, causes the skin to become dry, itchy, and inflamed. This condition weakens the skin’s natural barrier, which is responsible for retaining moisture and protecting the body from external elements. It is possible for eczema to develop for the first time or worsen during pregnancy, a notable concern for many expecting individuals.
Why Eczema Can Emerge During Pregnancy
Pregnancy brings about significant physiological changes that can influence skin health, leading to the emergence or exacerbation of eczema. Hormonal fluctuations, particularly in estrogen and progesterone levels, play a role in altering the skin’s sensitivity and hydration. These shifts can trigger eczema by affecting the skin barrier’s strength and influencing oil production.
The immune system also undergoes a transformation during pregnancy to accommodate the developing fetus. There is a shift in immune response towards a Th2-dominant state, which makes the pregnant individual temporarily more sensitive to allergens. This altered immune environment can increase inflammation and itching, contributing to the development or worsening of eczema. These combined hormonal and immunological changes can make the skin more prone to dryness, irritation, and inflammatory reactions.
Recognizing Eczema Symptoms
Eczema symptoms during pregnancy are similar to those experienced at other times, primarily characterized by dry, itchy, and inflamed skin. Individuals may notice intense itching, areas of redness, and patches of dry or scaling skin. Small bumps or blisters can also appear, and these may ooze fluid or crust over if irritated.
The affected areas often include the face, neck, and the creases of the elbows and knees. The hands, wrists, and ankles are also common sites for eczema to manifest or worsen during pregnancy.
Managing Eczema Safely
Managing eczema during pregnancy focuses on relieving symptoms while ensuring safety for both the expectant mother and the baby. Regular moisturizing is a key recommendation, using fragrance-free creams or ointments multiple times a day to help restore the skin barrier and reduce dryness. Avoiding known triggers, such as harsh soaps, overly hot showers, and irritating fabrics like wool, can also help prevent flare-ups.
When bathing, it is advisable to use lukewarm water and gentle, soap-free cleansers, patting the skin dry afterwards before applying moisturizer. For more persistent symptoms, topical treatments like emollients and low-potency corticosteroids are generally considered safe for short-term use during pregnancy. It is important to consult a healthcare provider before using any medications, including over-the-counter options, to ensure they are appropriate for pregnancy.
Impact on Mother and Baby, and Postpartum Outlook
Eczema, while uncomfortable for the mother, typically does not pose a direct risk to the baby’s health or development during pregnancy. The main concern often relates to the mother’s quality of life due to intense itching and discomfort. For many, eczema that develops or worsens during pregnancy tends to improve or resolve after childbirth as hormone levels begin to normalize.
The resolution of symptoms can take several months postpartum as the body recovers and hormone levels stabilize. However, for some individuals, eczema may persist or recur in subsequent pregnancies or later in life. Managing stress is beneficial, as high stress levels can contribute to eczema flare-ups. A family history of eczema can also increase the likelihood of the child developing the condition.