Allergies can cause coughing. This cough is a common symptom resulting from the body’s immune system reacting to typically harmless substances, known as allergens.
How Allergies Trigger a Cough
When an allergen, such as pollen, dust mites, or pet dander, enters the body, the immune system mistakenly identifies it as a threat. In response, the body produces antibodies called IgE. These IgE antibodies attach to mast cells, which are immune cells found in various tissues.
Upon subsequent exposure to the allergen, these sensitized mast cells release histamine and other inflammatory chemicals. Histamine increases blood flow and causes inflammation in the affected area. In the nasal passages, this leads to inflammation and increased mucus production, which can result in a runny or stuffy nose.
The excess mucus can drip down the back of the throat, a condition known as post-nasal drip. This constant trickle of mucus irritates the throat, triggering the cough reflex as the body attempts to clear the irritation. Direct irritation and inflammation in the airways due to the allergic response can also provoke a cough.
Identifying an Allergy Cough
An allergy cough has specific characteristics that distinguish it from other coughs. It is often dry and persistent, sometimes described as a tickle in the throat. It can also be wet if accompanied by significant post-nasal drip.
This cough frequently appears alongside other allergy symptoms, such as sneezing, a runny nose, itchy eyes, an itchy throat, or nasal congestion. Unlike viral infections, an allergy cough typically does not involve a fever or body aches. The timing and patterns of the cough can also be indicative; it may worsen during specific seasons, in particular environments like dusty rooms or around pets, or often at night.
Strategies for Managing an Allergy Cough
Managing an allergy cough primarily involves reducing exposure to allergens. Keeping windows closed when pollen counts are high can help minimize indoor allergen levels. Utilizing high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters in home heating and cooling systems, or using standalone air purifiers, can also help remove allergens from the air. Regular cleaning and vacuuming, along with frequent bathing of pets, can reduce dust mites and pet dander buildup.
Over-the-counter (OTC) medications offer effective relief for allergy coughs. Oral antihistamines can reduce histamine release, alleviating coughing and other allergy symptoms. Nasal corticosteroid sprays decrease inflammation in the nasal passages. Decongestants help clear stuffy nasal passages, reducing post-nasal drip. Saline nasal rinses can also help clear mucus and soothe irritated nasal passages.
Simple home remedies can also provide comfort. Staying well-hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids helps thin mucus, making it easier to manage. Using a humidifier adds moisture to the air, which can soothe a dry throat and reduce coughing. Gargling with salt water can also help alleviate throat irritation and clear mucus. If a cough persists for more than a few weeks, does not improve with home remedies or OTC medications, or is accompanied by severe symptoms like chest pain, difficulty breathing, or unexpected weight loss, consulting a healthcare professional is advisable.