It is generally possible and often safe to continue breastfeeding an older child while pregnant. This journey involves various physiological changes and personal considerations. Understanding these aspects can help parents make informed decisions.
Changes to Breast Milk and Supply
Hormonal shifts during pregnancy significantly influence breast milk. As progesterone levels rise, milk supply decreases, often becoming noticeable by the second trimester, or sometimes earlier. This reduction occurs because increasing levels of progesterone and estrogen prepare the breasts for the new baby, making the alveoli less efficient. Simultaneously, milk composition and taste change as the body begins producing colostrum, the nutrient-dense first milk, around 16 to 20 weeks of pregnancy.
Impact on the Breastfeeding Parent
Continuing to breastfeed while pregnant can present several physical and emotional effects. Increased fatigue is common, stemming from the combined energy demands of pregnancy and milk production. Many parents experience heightened nipple sensitivity or soreness, particularly during the first trimester, which can make nursing uncomfortable. Nausea, a frequent companion of early pregnancy, may also feel more pronounced while breastfeeding.
Breastfeeding stimulates oxytocin release, a hormone causing mild uterine contractions. For most uncomplicated pregnancies, these contractions are not a concern and do not lead to preterm labor or miscarriage. The uterus is naturally less responsive to oxytocin during most of pregnancy, becoming more receptive closer to term. However, if contractions become strong, regular, or are accompanied by bleeding, consult a healthcare provider.
Considerations for the Nursing Child
Changes in breast milk supply and taste can affect the older nursing child. A decrease in milk volume or a shift towards the saltier taste of colostrum may lead some children to reduce nursing frequency or even self-wean. Ensure the nursing child’s nutritional needs are met. If milk supply significantly diminishes, supplementing with solid foods, formula, or other appropriate milks may be necessary, depending on the child’s age and dietary requirements.
Breast milk remains nutritious throughout pregnancy, and any pregnancy-related hormones that pass into the milk are safe for the older child to consume. Continuing to nurse is safe for the child as long as their growth and nutritional status are monitored.
Considerations for the Developing Fetus
For healthy individuals with uncomplicated pregnancies, continued breastfeeding is safe and does not increase the risk of adverse outcomes for the developing fetus. Studies indicate that breastfeeding during pregnancy does not heighten the risk of miscarriage or preterm labor. The body prioritizes the nutritional needs of the pregnancy, ensuring the fetus receives adequate nourishment.
However, in specific high-risk situations, a healthcare provider might advise weaning. These can include a history of preterm labor, vaginal bleeding, or concerns about the current pregnancy’s fetal growth.
Navigating Breastfeeding While Pregnant
Successfully continuing to breastfeed during pregnancy requires adjustments to support the parent’s well-being. Increasing caloric intake is important, as the body has elevated energy needs for both pregnancy and milk production. An additional 340-450 calories per day may be needed in the second and third trimesters, on top of typical breastfeeding requirements of 330-500 calories daily. Maintaining good hydration is also important, with fluid recommendations higher for pregnant and lactating individuals.
Managing fatigue involves prioritizing rest and accepting help with household tasks or childcare. To alleviate discomfort, applying nipple creams or experimenting with different nursing positions can be beneficial. For those who continue breastfeeding, “tandem nursing” involves nursing both children after the new baby’s arrival. This practice can help the older child adapt to a new sibling. Seeking personalized guidance from a healthcare provider or lactation consultant can provide tailored advice.