Reactions to gold earrings are almost always due to other metals mixed with the gold, not the gold itself. Pure 24-karat gold is non-reactive and rarely causes allergies. However, gold is a soft metal, so it is commonly alloyed with harder metals to create durable jewelry.
Understanding the True Cause
Nickel is the most frequent allergen found in metal alloys, including those mixed with gold. Even in small amounts, nickel can trigger reactions in sensitive individuals. Other metals that can cause allergies when alloyed with gold include copper, cobalt, and palladium.
The karat of gold indicates its purity; 24K gold is 99.9% pure, while lower karats like 14K or 10K contain a higher percentage of other metals. For instance, 14K gold is 58.3% pure gold, meaning 41.7% consists of other metals, increasing the likelihood of an allergenic metal being present. White gold often contains nickel, and rose gold includes more copper, both potential allergens. Reactions often occur with lower karat gold jewelry due to a greater proportion of these potential allergens.
Recognizing the Signs
An allergic reaction to earring metals presents as a form of contact dermatitis. Common symptoms include itching, redness, and swelling around the earring site. A rash, dry patches, or blisters can also develop in the affected area. The skin might also feel warm or tender to the touch.
Symptoms usually appear within hours or up to 48 hours after exposure. Continued contact can worsen the reaction, leading to more persistent irritation. The rash may spread, and severe cases can result in broken blisters, leaving crusts and scales.
Managing and Preventing Reactions
If an allergic reaction to earrings occurs, immediate action involves removing the earrings to prevent further exposure to the allergen. Gently clean the affected skin area with mild soap and water. For mild symptoms, applying an over-the-counter hydrocortisone cream or anti-itch cream can help soothe the irritation and reduce inflammation. If symptoms are severe, include pus discharge, or persist for more than a week, it is advisable to seek medical attention from a doctor or dermatologist.
Preventing future reactions involves selecting jewelry made from materials less likely to trigger an allergic response. Hypoallergenic options include surgical stainless steel, titanium, and niobium, which are highly biocompatible and rarely cause allergies.
Choosing higher karat gold (18K or 24K) can reduce the risk due to fewer alloy metals. For white gold, consider rhodium-plated options, though plating can wear off. Plastic or silicone earrings are available for highly sensitive ears. Applying a clear barrier coating, like clear nail polish, to the parts of the earring that touch the skin can create a temporary protective layer.