Seasonal allergies are a common concern for many, often leading individuals to seek effective relief from sneezing, itching, and congestion. Among the numerous over-the-counter options available, Xyzal and Zyrtec are frequently considered for their ability to alleviate these bothersome symptoms. Understanding how these medications work and their relationship is important for appropriate use.
What Are Xyzal and Zyrtec
Xyzal and Zyrtec are both classified as second-generation antihistamines. Zyrtec contains the active ingredient cetirizine hydrochloride, which works by blocking histamine, a substance the body releases during an allergic reaction. Xyzal contains levocetirizine dihydrochloride as its active component. Levocetirizine is specifically the “R-enantiomer” of cetirizine. This means that cetirizine is a mixture containing two mirror-image forms of the same molecule, and levocetirizine is just one of those forms, specifically the one responsible for most of the antihistaminic activity. Taking levocetirizine is chemically similar to taking the active portion of cetirizine.
Why Combining Them Is Not Recommended
Combining Xyzal and Zyrtec is not advised. Taking both medications simultaneously is essentially equivalent to taking an increased dose of the same active antihistamine component. This practice elevates the concentration of the active ingredient in the body beyond typical recommended levels. The body processes levocetirizine similarly whether it is taken alone or as part of the cetirizine mixture. Combining these medications does not lead to enhanced relief from allergy symptoms; instead, it primarily increases the likelihood and severity of adverse effects.
Risks of Taking Both Medications
Taking Xyzal and Zyrtec together can lead to an accumulation of the active antihistamine, increasing the potential for unwanted effects. Common side effects include heightened drowsiness, fatigue, and dry mouth. Individuals may also experience dizziness and impaired coordination. More pronounced effects can occur, such as confusion, agitation, restlessness (especially in children), and a rapid heart rate. Other concerns include low blood pressure, difficulty with urination, and in rare instances, seizures, fainting, or hallucinations. These effects often stem from increased central nervous system depression.
If You Have Taken Both
If you have inadvertently taken both Xyzal and Zyrtec, monitor yourself for any concerning symptoms, particularly increased drowsiness, dizziness, or confusion. Avoid activities that require full mental alertness, such as driving or operating heavy machinery. Contact a healthcare professional or pharmacist for guidance. Seek immediate medical attention if you experience severe symptoms like difficulty breathing, severe dizziness, profound confusion, or a significantly rapid heart rate. Poison control hotlines are also available for advice.
Safer Allergy Management
For safe allergy relief, use only one antihistamine medication at a time. If symptoms persist or are severe, other types of allergy medications can be safely added under medical supervision, such as nasal corticosteroids for inflammation, decongestants for stuffiness, or ophthalmic solutions for eye symptoms. Reducing allergen exposure by keeping windows closed, using air conditioning, showering after outdoor activities, and using nasal saline rinses or sprays can help manage allergies. For persistent or severe allergy symptoms, consulting a doctor or allergist is recommended to develop a management plan, which might include immunotherapy.