Vetmedin (pimobendan) and Furosemide are medications frequently prescribed for dogs with heart conditions. They are commonly used together under veterinary guidance to manage specific cardiac issues.
Understanding Vetmedin
Vetmedin, known generically as pimobendan, functions as an inodilator. This medication strengthens heart muscle contractions and widens blood vessels, enhancing the heart’s pumping ability while reducing the resistance it works against. Pimobendan increases the sensitivity of cardiac muscle fibers to calcium, leading to more efficient contractions without necessarily increasing the heart rate.
The medication also inhibits an enzyme called phosphodiesterase III, which contributes to the dilation of blood vessels. This vasodilation decreases the workload on the heart, making it easier for blood to circulate throughout the body. Vetmedin is indicated for managing signs of congestive heart failure in dogs, particularly those resulting from conditions like myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) or dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).
Studies indicate that pimobendan can improve the quality of life and increase the median survival times for dogs with congestive heart failure. It has become a standard component of therapy for canine heart failure, with improvements in heart function often observed within a week.
Understanding Furosemide
Furosemide is a loop diuretic, primarily used to help the body eliminate excess fluid. It acts on a specific part of the kidneys called the loops of Henle, where it prevents the reabsorption of sodium and water. This action leads to increased urine production, effectively removing accumulated fluid from the body.
This diuretic effect is beneficial in conditions where fluid buildup, or edema, occurs. For dogs with congestive heart failure, furosemide is frequently used to reduce fluid accumulation in the lungs (pulmonary edema) or abdomen (ascites). Reducing this fluid overload helps alleviate symptoms such as coughing and difficulty breathing, which are common signs of heart failure.
Furosemide also possesses a mild systemic venodilatory effect, which can decrease pressure in the veins even before its diuretic action begins. This reduction in venous pressure further helps to ease the burden on the heart. The American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) recommends furosemide as a therapy for heart failure in dogs.
Why They Are Prescribed Together
Vetmedin and Furosemide are frequently prescribed concurrently because their distinct mechanisms of action offer complementary benefits in managing congestive heart failure in dogs. Heart failure often involves both a weakened heart pump and fluid accumulation. These two medications effectively address both aspects. Vetmedin works to improve the heart’s ability to contract and pump blood more efficiently, while Furosemide works to remove the excess fluid that accumulates due to the heart’s reduced pumping capacity.
This combination creates a synergistic effect, meaning their combined impact is greater than either drug could achieve alone. Vetmedin reduces the heart’s workload by dilating blood vessels and boosting its pumping strength. Simultaneously, Furosemide actively eliminates fluid buildup in the lungs and body, directly alleviating symptoms like respiratory distress. This comprehensive approach helps to improve the dog’s quality of life and manage the progression of heart failure.
Veterinary studies and clinical experience have shown that using pimobendan with a diuretic like furosemide is an effective treatment strategy. This dual therapy helps control clinical signs and enhance survival for dogs with heart conditions that lead to fluid retention.
Important Considerations for Pet Owners
Vetmedin (pimobendan) is typically given orally twice daily, ideally on an empty stomach about one hour before feeding, to ensure optimal absorption. Furosemide is also given orally, usually as a tablet or liquid, and can be given with or without food, though giving it with food might help if vomiting occurs.
Monitoring for potential side effects is important. Furosemide commonly leads to increased urination and thirst due to its diuretic action. Less common side effects can include diarrhea, constipation, or, in more serious cases, dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Vetmedin is generally well-tolerated, but some dogs might experience mild side effects such as loss of appetite, occasional vomiting, diarrhea, or lethargy. Any concerning signs should prompt immediate veterinary consultation.
Regular veterinary check-ups are important for dogs on these medications. These appointments often involve blood tests to monitor kidney function and electrolyte levels, as furosemide can affect these. Pet owners should also monitor their dog’s breathing rate at home, especially while resting, as this can indicate changes in fluid accumulation. It is important never to adjust dosages or discontinue either medication without explicit veterinary instruction, as this could lead to worsening of the heart condition. These medications manage the symptoms and progression of heart disease, but they do not provide a cure.