Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. These viruses primarily spread from person to person through respiratory droplets produced when an infected individual coughs, sneezes, or talks. The flu can lead to mild to severe illness, and in some cases, serious complications that require hospitalization.
Flu Virus Survival on Surfaces
The influenza virus can survive outside the human body on various surfaces. Research indicates that flu viruses can remain viable on hard, non-porous surfaces, such as stainless steel and plastic, for 24 to 48 hours. On porous surfaces like cloth, paper, and tissues, survival time is shorter, often less than 12 hours. While the virus persists, its ability to cause infection diminishes as its structural integrity degrades.
Factors Influencing Survival
Several environmental factors influence how long the flu virus remains viable on surfaces. Temperature plays a role, with colder conditions allowing the virus to survive longer. Conversely, warmer temperatures shorten its lifespan, as heat can melt the protective outer covering of the virus. Humidity also affects viral persistence, with moderate levels sometimes favoring survival. The presence of mucus or other organic matter from respiratory secretions can provide a protective layer for the virus, potentially extending its viability.
Preventing Surface-Based Transmission
Given that the flu virus can survive on surfaces, regular cleaning and disinfection are important preventative measures. Frequently touched surfaces like doorknobs, light switches, countertops, and electronic devices should be cleaned and disinfected regularly. Effective disinfectants against influenza viruses include EPA-registered products, solutions containing bleach (such as a mixture of ΒΌ cup household bleach per gallon of water), and alcohol-based cleaners. Always follow the product label’s instructions for use, including contact time, to ensure effective germ elimination.
Hand hygiene is also important in preventing surface-based transmission. Washing hands frequently and thoroughly with soap and water for at least 20 seconds is recommended, especially after coughing, sneezing, or touching shared surfaces. If soap and water are not readily available, an alcohol-based hand sanitizer containing at least 60% alcohol can be used as an alternative.
To further minimize infection risk, avoid touching the eyes, nose, and mouth. This practice helps prevent the transfer of the virus from contaminated hands to the body’s mucous membranes. Practicing good respiratory etiquette, such as covering coughs and sneezes with a tissue or into the elbow, also helps contain respiratory droplets and prevents them from landing on surfaces.