Viral gastroenteritis, commonly referred to as “stomach flu,” is an intestinal infection characterized by symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. This illness is distinct from influenza, which is a respiratory illness caused by a different virus. Many people wonder if stomach flu can be transmitted through sexual contact. This article explores how stomach flu spreads and provides guidance on how to protect yourself and others.
Understanding Sexual Transmission
Stomach flu is generally not considered a sexually transmitted infection (STI). STIs are usually spread through specific bodily fluids like semen, vaginal fluids, or blood, and often target the reproductive organs. Viral gastroenteritis, however, primarily affects the gastrointestinal tract, causing inflammation of the stomach and intestines.
While sexual activity involves close physical contact, the viruses responsible for stomach flu are not typically transmitted through the specific pathways associated with STIs. The primary mechanism for stomach flu transmission involves the ingestion of viral particles.
How Stomach Flu Spreads
Stomach flu viruses, such as norovirus and rotavirus, are highly contagious and primarily spread through the fecal-oral route. This means microscopic particles of stool from an infected person are ingested by another. Viruses are shed in large quantities in the stool and vomit.
Transmission commonly occurs through consuming contaminated food or water. This can happen if food is prepared by someone who is sick and has not washed their hands properly.
Direct contact with an infected person also contributes to the spread, including caring for someone who is ill, sharing eating utensils, or shaking hands. Viruses can also spread through contact with contaminated surfaces. Norovirus, for example, can survive on objects and surfaces for days or even weeks. If someone touches a contaminated surface and then touches their mouth, they can become infected.
Protecting Yourself and Others
Practicing good hygiene prevents stomach flu spread. Thorough handwashing with soap and water for at least 20 seconds is highly effective, especially after using the bathroom, changing diapers, and before eating or preparing food. Soap and water are preferred over alcohol-based hand sanitizers for some stomach flu viruses.
Proper food handling and preparation also reduces risk. Sick individuals should avoid preparing food for others.
Cleaning and disinfecting contaminated surfaces limits viral survival. Affected areas should be cleaned immediately using a bleach solution or an EPA-registered disinfectant. Handling contaminated laundry carefully, using gloves, and washing with hot water also prevents spread.
Avoiding close contact and sharing personal items with sick individuals helps protect others. Stay home from work or school when experiencing symptoms to prevent infecting others.