The sight of a large ray launching itself from the ocean’s surface is captivating. Many people associate this behavior with stingrays, leading to curiosity about whether these bottom-dwelling creatures truly possess such aerial abilities. While the term “stingray” is broadly used, the phenomenon of leaping from the water, known as breaching, is a documented behavior among certain ray species.
The Phenomenon of Leaping Rays
Some ray species propel themselves powerfully out of the water, an act known as breaching. This involves the ray building momentum underwater, then launching its body clear of the surface, sometimes reaching heights of several feet. The ray’s large, wing-like pectoral fins provide the necessary thrust, allowing for aerial movement before gravity pulls it back down. Re-entry often results in a loud splash, audible from a considerable distance, requiring substantial energy.
Why Rays Breach
Scientists propose several theories for why certain rays leap, though reasons vary and are still under investigation. One hypothesis suggests that breaching helps rays dislodge external parasites or remoras attached to their skin. The forceful impact of re-entry can physically remove these unwanted hitchhikers, cleansing their skin. Another theory points to communication, where the loud splash created by breaching can signal location, warn of danger, or attract other rays. This acoustic signal can travel far underwater, potentially aiding group cohesion or attracting mates during breeding seasons.
Breaching may also serve as courtship or mating rituals, with individuals displaying strength and agility. In some instances, breaching might be a feeding strategy, where the disturbance helps to concentrate or stun schools of prey, making them easier to capture. Additionally, it could be a tactic for predator evasion, with the sudden leap disorienting a pursuing hunter and allowing the ray to escape. It may also be a form of play or energy release.
Identifying the Leaping Species
The most prominent jumpers are manta rays and mobula rays, which belong to the family Mobulidae. These rays are pelagic, inhabiting open ocean waters and adapted for swift movement. In contrast, “true stingrays,” such as those in the Dasyatidae family, typically dwell on the seafloor and often bury themselves in sand. True stingrays rarely breach or perform aerial acrobatics.
Manta rays are distinguishable by their large size, with wingspans reaching up to 23 feet, and they lack a venomous barb on their tail. Mobula rays, also known as devil rays, are similar in appearance but generally smaller than mantas. Most species either lack a stinger or have an encased stinger, making them harmless to humans.
Observing Leaping Rays
Breaching is most frequently observed in areas where large aggregations of mobula or manta rays gather, such as off the coast of Mexico. Ethical viewing practices should prioritize the animals’ well-being. Maintain a respectful distance to avoid disturbing their natural behaviors. Responsible ecotourism operators offer opportunities to observe these creatures, sometimes allowing for snorkeling or freediving. Avoid sudden movements or excessive splashing to prevent startling the rays.