Nexplanon is a long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) device designed to prevent pregnancy for up to three years. This small, flexible implant is inserted just beneath the skin of the upper arm and continuously releases a synthetic progestin hormone called etonogestrel. While a highly effective birth control option, headaches can be a reported side effect for some users.
Headaches as a Potential Side Effect
Clinical trials indicate that approximately 25% of individuals using Nexplanon experienced headaches. User-reported data also suggests that headaches are a common concern, with some reviews indicating a prevalence of around 15% to 58% among users. The severity and frequency of these headaches can vary significantly from person to person.
Many of the common side effects, including headaches, often improve or resolve within the first few months after Nexplanon insertion as the body adjusts to the hormone. However, if headaches persist or become bothersome, it is important to address them.
The Hormonal Connection
The hormone released by Nexplanon, etonogestrel, is a progestin that influences the body’s hormonal balance. Etonogestrel works primarily by inhibiting ovulation, thickening cervical mucus, and altering the uterine lining to prevent implantation. These hormonal changes can sometimes contribute to headaches.
Hormonal fluctuations are a known trigger for headaches, particularly for those prone to migraines. While progestin-only methods like Nexplanon do not involve the estrogen fluctuations seen in some combined hormonal contraceptives, the continuous presence of synthetic progestin can still impact individuals differently. Some research suggests that progestin-only contraception may be a better option for women with migraines compared to combined methods, as it avoids the estrogen withdrawal often linked to headaches. The complex relationship between hormones and headaches means individual responses to etonogestrel can vary, potentially leading to new or altered headache patterns.
Strategies for Managing Headaches
Several management techniques can offer relief for individuals experiencing headaches while using Nexplanon. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can help alleviate mild to moderate headache discomfort. Ensuring adequate hydration throughout the day can also reduce headache frequency and intensity.
Stress reduction techniques, like mindfulness or deep breathing exercises, can be beneficial, as stress often exacerbates headaches. Maintaining a consistent sleep schedule and sufficient rest can lessen headache occurrences.
When to Consult Your Doctor
Contact a healthcare provider if headaches become severe, persistent, or worsen over time while using Nexplanon. Seek immediate medical attention if headaches are accompanied by concerning symptoms like sudden changes in vision, numbness or weakness on one side of the body, speech difficulties, or confusion. A sudden, severe headache that feels unlike any previous headache also warrants urgent evaluation.
Other signs that require prompt medical consultation include yellowing of the skin or eyes, signs of high blood pressure such as dizziness or blurred vision, or symptoms of serious blood clots like chest pain or shortness breath. These symptoms could indicate a more serious underlying condition that needs professional assessment.