A yeast infection, also known as candidiasis, occurs when a type of fungus called Candida grows excessively. This fungus naturally resides on the skin, in the digestive system, and in the vaginal area for women. While usually harmless in small amounts, an imbalance can lead to an overgrowth, causing an infection and discomfort.
The symptoms of a yeast infection can vary depending on the affected body part. Common signs in the vaginal area include itching, burning, and a thick, white discharge resembling cottage cheese. Oral candidiasis, or thrush, may present as white patches in the mouth and throat, accompanied by soreness or difficulty swallowing.
Understanding Yeast Infection Transmission
While not classified as a sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the traditional sense, a yeast infection can be passed between partners during sexual activity. Transmission is possible through vaginal, oral, or anal sex. For example, men may develop symptoms of a penile yeast infection after sexual intercourse with an infected female partner, and vice versa.
Factors influencing transmission include direct skin-to-skin contact, as well as conditions that promote fungal growth like moisture. While Candida is present in everyone, certain situations can disrupt the body’s natural balance, making an individual more susceptible to developing an infection even if exposed.
Recognizing Symptoms in Partners
If a male partner contracts a yeast infection, symptoms include redness, itching, and a rash on the penis. They might also experience a burning sensation during urination or sexual intercourse. These symptoms are localized to the glans (head of the penis) or under the foreskin in uncircumcised men.
Female partners may experience symptoms similar to the initial infection, such as itching, burning, and discharge. However, if they have natural defenses, the infection might be less severe or even asymptomatic. It’s also possible for oral thrush to develop if the transmission occurs through oral sex, presenting as white patches and soreness in the mouth.
Preventing Transmission
To reduce the risk of transmitting a yeast infection, it is recommended to avoid sexual activity during an active infection. Engaging in sex while symptomatic can worsen discomfort, prolong healing, and increase the likelihood of passing the infection to a partner.
Maintaining good hygiene practices can also help; showering before and after intercourse may reduce the presence of yeast. Wearing breathable clothing, such as cotton underwear, can help keep the genital area dry and prevent the warm, moist environment that Candida thrives in. If symptoms are present in both partners, it is important for both individuals to receive appropriate treatment to prevent re-infection. Using condoms or dental dams during sexual activity can also help reduce the risk of yeast transfer.
When a Partner Should Seek Medical Advice
Partners should consult a healthcare professional if they develop symptoms that suggest a yeast infection. This is important as yeast infection symptoms can mimic those of other conditions, including sexually transmitted infections (STIs), which require different treatments.
Seeking medical advice is also advised if symptoms persist despite over-the-counter treatments. Recurrent infections in a partner warrant professional evaluation to identify underlying causes or to rule out other health issues. A proper diagnosis from a healthcare provider ensures effective treatment and helps prevent complications or misdiagnosis of other conditions.