A cataract refers to a cloudy area that develops in the eye’s natural lens, leading to blurred, hazy, or less colorful vision. This clouding occurs when proteins within the lens break down. Cataract surgery is a common and effective medical procedure that can restore vision affected by cataracts. More than half of all Americans aged 80 and older have either experienced cataracts or undergone surgery to remove them.
Understanding Cataract Surgery
During cataract surgery, the natural lens of the eye, where the cataract has formed, is completely removed and replaced with an artificial intraocular lens (IOL), a clear, synthetic implant. Because the entire natural lens is removed, the cataract itself cannot regrow or “come back.” The artificial lens, made of synthetic material, does not break down like a natural lens.
Posterior Capsule Opacification
While the original cataract cannot return, some individuals may experience posterior capsule opacification (PCO) after surgery. Often called a “secondary cataract,” it is not a recurrence of the original. PCO involves the clouding of the posterior capsule, a thin membrane supporting the artificial lens left in place during surgery. It occurs when residual lens epithelial cells grow and migrate onto this capsule, causing it to become cloudy.
PCO can develop weeks, months, or even years after cataract surgery. Symptoms, similar to the original cataract, include blurred or hazy vision, glare, halos around lights, and trouble reading. This common complication affects up to 50% of patients within two to five years post-surgery. Fortunately, PCO is effectively treated with a quick, in-office YAG laser capsulotomy. This procedure uses a low-energy laser to create a small opening in the cloudy capsule, restoring clear vision with a high success rate over 95%, and usually only needs to be performed once.
Other Post-Surgery Vision Changes
Beyond PCO, other factors can lead to vision changes after cataract surgery. Dry eye syndrome is a common issue that can cause blurry vision or discomfort. Pre-existing eye conditions, such as glaucoma or macular degeneration, may continue to progress, affecting vision independently of the cataract surgery.
New retinal issues, though less common, can sometimes occur, including retinal detachment or cystoid macular edema. While these are rare, they can impact vision. Additionally, some individuals may have residual refractive error, meaning their eye still requires correction with glasses or contact lenses for optimal vision. These changes are distinct from the original cataract or PCO.
When to Seek Professional Advice
If you experience any new or worsening vision changes after cataract surgery, it is important to consult your eye care professional. Symptoms such as persistent blurry vision, increased glare, halos, or any discomfort warrant an evaluation.
Only an ophthalmologist can accurately diagnose the cause of vision changes and recommend the appropriate treatment. Prompt evaluation ensures that any potential complications or new conditions are addressed in a timely manner.