Infants can contract norovirus, a common, highly contagious stomach virus that inflames the stomach and intestines. Often called the “stomach flu,” it is unrelated to influenza. While norovirus can affect individuals of all ages, it poses a particular concern for infants due to their smaller size and lower fluid volume, making them more susceptible to rapid dehydration.
Norovirus Symptoms in Infants
Norovirus presents with a sudden onset of symptoms in infants, usually appearing 12 to 48 hours after exposure. Common signs include sudden vomiting, which can be forceful, along with watery diarrhea. Infants may also experience stomach pain or cramps, and may develop a low-grade fever.
The primary concern for infants with norovirus is the risk of dehydration, which can develop quickly due to significant fluid loss from vomiting and diarrhea. Dehydration in babies can manifest as dry mouth, cracked lips, a lack of tears when crying, sunken eyes, or decreased urination. Recognizing these signs is important because severe dehydration can be dangerous and may require medical care.
How Norovirus Spreads and How to Prevent It
Norovirus is highly contagious, requiring only a small number of viral particles to cause illness. The virus primarily spreads through the fecal-oral route, meaning it can be transmitted by ingesting microscopic particles of an infected person’s feces or vomit. This can occur through direct contact with a sick individual, by touching contaminated surfaces, or by consuming contaminated food or water.
Prevention strategies include:
- Thorough handwashing with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, especially after diaper changes and before preparing food.
- Regularly disinfecting contaminated surfaces with a bleach-based cleaner, as the virus can survive on surfaces for days.
- Avoiding sharing towels or utensils.
- Keeping sick infants home from daycare.
Caring for an Infant with Norovirus
Caring for an infant with norovirus at home primarily focuses on preventing and managing dehydration. Offering small, frequent amounts of oral rehydration solution (ORS) is recommended to replenish lost fluids and electrolytes. Breastfed infants should continue to nurse as usual, and formula-fed infants can continue their regular feeding schedule. For infants over one year old, diluted apple juice can be offered.
Monitor for signs of worsening dehydration or other complications requiring immediate medical attention. Parents should seek medical advice if an infant shows a significant decrease in urination, has no tears, appears unusually sleepy or listless, or has a sunken soft spot on their head. Other warning signs include persistent vomiting for more than 24 hours, more than six watery stools in 24 hours, a high fever (over 102°F), or blood in vomit or diarrhea.