Hydroxyzine is a prescription medication available in various forms, including capsules, tablets, and syrup. It is commonly used to address symptoms related to anxiety and allergic reactions. Understanding its specific applications, especially for nighttime use, helps clarify its role in managing certain health concerns.
Purposes for Nighttime Use
Healthcare providers may recommend hydroxyzine for use before bed. It helps relieve anxiety and tension, particularly when these conditions interfere with sleep. Hydroxyzine can also aid short-term insomnia, especially when difficulty sleeping is linked to anxiety. Its ability to relieve allergic symptoms, such as itching or hives, also benefits those whose sleep is disrupted. Additionally, it is used as a premedication to induce sleep before surgical procedures.
How It Promotes Sleep
Hydroxyzine promotes sleep by acting as an antihistamine. It blocks histamine, a naturally produced substance, from binding to H1 receptors in the brain. This blockade leads to its sedative properties. The onset of its effect occurs between 15 and 60 minutes, with a duration of action lasting 4 to 6 hours.
Key Considerations Before Use
Before taking hydroxyzine, be aware of potential side effects and interactions. Common side effects include drowsiness, which can persist into the daytime, dry mouth, headache, and constipation. Less common but more serious side effects can involve changes in heart rhythm.
Older adults may experience increased side effects like confusion, drowsiness, and constipation, often requiring lower doses or avoidance. Individuals with pre-existing medical conditions like glaucoma, prostate enlargement, or heart conditions (especially with a history of QT prolongation) should use hydroxyzine with caution or avoid it.
Hydroxyzine is not recommended during pregnancy, particularly in the first trimester, due to potential fetal risks. It also passes into breast milk, potentially causing infant drowsiness or irritability, so breastfeeding is not advised.
Hydroxyzine can interact with other medications, increasing side effects. Combining it with central nervous system (CNS) depressants like alcohol, opioids, or other sedatives can increase drowsiness and CNS depression. Avoid alcohol while taking hydroxyzine. It also interacts with drugs affecting heart rhythm, increasing the risk of QT prolongation. These include certain antiarrhythmics, antidepressants, and antibiotics.
Hydroxyzine should be taken as prescribed by a healthcare professional. Doses vary depending on the condition and patient’s age. For anxiety, adult dosages range from 50 to 100 mg up to four times daily, with a 400 mg maximum. For itching, a typical adult dose is 25 mg three or four times daily. Starting with the lowest effective dose is recommended to minimize side effects.
When to Seek Medical Advice
Contact a healthcare professional if you experience severe or persistent side effects, such as severe dizziness, fainting, or changes in heart rhythm. If the medication does not effectively address symptoms like anxiety or insomnia, consult your doctor. Discuss any questions about dosage, potential interactions, or underlying health concerns with your healthcare provider.