Hydroxyzine is a prescription antihistamine that reduces the effects of histamine in the body. Histamine is a natural chemical involved in allergic reactions. Hydroxyzine works by blocking histamine H1 receptors. This medication is available in various forms, including capsules, tablets, syrup, and oral solutions.
Uses of Hydroxyzine
Hydroxyzine is prescribed for several medical conditions, primarily due to its antihistaminic and central nervous system depressant properties. It is commonly used to alleviate symptoms of anxiety and tension, and can serve as a sedative to induce sleepiness and relaxation before and after surgical procedures.
Hydroxyzine is also effective in managing various allergic reactions. It is indicated for the symptomatic relief of itching (pruritus) caused by allergic skin conditions, such as chronic hives (urticaria), eczema (atopic dermatitis), and contact dermatitis. It helps reduce symptoms like itching, swelling, and rashes.
Understanding Hydroxyzine Dosages
The appropriate dosage of hydroxyzine can vary significantly, depending on the specific condition being treated, the patient’s age, and other individual medical factors. For adults, a 50 mg dose is often within the typical range for managing anxiety and tension, where it might be prescribed as 50 to 100 mg up to four times daily. When used for sedation before or after surgery, adult doses typically range from 50 to 100 mg.
For the treatment of itching due to allergic conditions, the usual adult dosage is often 25 mg taken three or four times per day, though 50 mg daily in divided doses is also noted for children 6 years and older. A healthcare professional determines the precise dosage, often starting with a lower amount and adjusting as needed based on the patient’s response and tolerability.
Potential Effects and Precautions
Hydroxyzine can cause common effects such as drowsiness, sedation, dry mouth, and dizziness. Other reported effects include headache, confusion, and disturbed coordination. In some cases, particularly in older adults, confusion and drowsiness may be more pronounced.
Serious considerations include its potential to affect heart rhythm, specifically by causing QT prolongation, which can lead to an irregular heartbeat. Individuals with pre-existing heart conditions, a family history of QT prolongation, or those taking other medications that affect heart rhythm should exercise caution. Hydroxyzine is contraindicated in patients with a prolonged QT interval. It should also be avoided during early pregnancy due to inadequate safety data, and is not recommended during breastfeeding as it may pass into breast milk. The medication can also interact with central nervous system depressants, including alcohol, opioids, and other sedatives, increasing drowsiness and impaired coordination.
When to Consult a Healthcare Professional
Consult a doctor or pharmacist before taking hydroxyzine to determine the appropriate dosage. Self-medication is not advised. A healthcare professional can assess your medical history, including any existing conditions such as heart disease or glaucoma, and review all current medications. This helps identify potential drug interactions or contraindications affecting your safety.
Seek immediate medical attention for severe side effects such as a fast or pounding heartbeat, severe dizziness, fainting, or seizures. Contact your doctor for sudden skin redness, a spreading rash with pustules, blistering, or peeling. These symptoms indicate a serious reaction requiring prompt medical evaluation.