Lidocaine is a topical anesthetic that provides temporary relief from discomfort. When applied to the anal region, it works by blocking nerve signals in the skin, alleviating pain and irritation. This medication offers symptomatic relief for anal discomfort but does not address the underlying cause.
Conditions Lidocaine Can Alleviate
Lidocaine is commonly used to soothe symptoms associated with several anal conditions. It provides relief from the pain, itching, and burning that often accompany external hemorrhoids, also known as piles. It also helps alleviate discomfort from anal fissures, which are small tears in the anal lining. General anal itching, medically termed pruritus ani, and other forms of perianal irritation often benefit from its numbing effects.
Lidocaine works by interfering with how nerve endings transmit pain signals. When applied to the skin, it stabilizes nerve membranes by blocking the flow of sodium ions into nerve cells. This prevents nerves from sending pain messages to the brain, resulting in localized numbing.
Safe Use and Important Precautions
Safe use of lidocaine on the anal area requires following application and dosage guidelines. First, clean the affected area with mild soap and water, rinse, and gently pat dry. Then, apply a thin layer of cream or ointment to the external anal area. Always wash your hands thoroughly before and after application.
Follow the product’s instructions on how much to use and how often. Over-the-counter rectal lidocaine products typically recommend application up to six times a day. Do not exceed the recommended dosage or frequency, as this increases the risk of side effects. Topical lidocaine is for external use only and should not be applied to open wounds, broken skin, or internally unless the product is specifically designed for such use, like certain suppositories. Applying it to compromised skin can lead to increased absorption into the bloodstream.
Common side effects include temporary burning, stinging, mild irritation, redness, or swelling at the application site. While these are usually mild and short-lived, more serious, rare reactions can occur, such as allergic reactions with hives, difficulty breathing, or swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat. Overuse or application over large areas can lead to systemic effects like lightheadedness, nervousness, confusion, ringing in the ears, blurred vision, or vomiting.
Avoid contact with eyes, nose, or mouth. Prolonged use may also lead to skin sensitivity. Over-the-counter lidocaine products are available in strengths such as 4% or 5%, while prescription formulations may come in different strengths or be combined with other medications like corticosteroids.
When to Consult a Healthcare Professional
While lidocaine offers temporary relief, consult a healthcare professional if your anal discomfort does not improve within a few days or if symptoms worsen. Seek medical advice for new or severe symptoms, including significant rectal bleeding, especially if it is a large amount, non-stop, or results in dark red or black stools.
Immediate medical attention is warranted for severe or spreading pain, fever, chills, or any pus discharge from the anal area. Signs of a possible infection, such as increased redness, warmth, or swelling, also indicate a need for professional evaluation. Persistent symptoms or those suggesting a more serious underlying medical condition, such as unusual fissure locations or changes in bowel habits, require a thorough diagnosis.
Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals should discuss lidocaine use with a healthcare professional. While topical use is generally considered to have minimal systemic absorption and low risk, professional guidance ensures safety for both the parent and infant. Lidocaine products for children under 12 should only be used under a doctor’s direction. Chronic or recurring anal issues, such as fissures lasting longer than eight weeks, require proper medical diagnosis and a comprehensive treatment plan beyond temporary numbing.