Maintaining oral health is important throughout pregnancy. Dental cleanings are generally considered safe and are highly recommended for expectant individuals, supporting both maternal and fetal health.
Safety and Benefits of Dental Cleanings During Pregnancy
Dental cleanings are safe and recommended throughout pregnancy. They primarily involve removing plaque and tartar. The American Dental Association (ADA) and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) both support the safety of routine dental care for pregnant individuals.
Regular cleanings help prevent gum disease, such as gingivitis, which can cause inflammation, swelling, and bleeding gums. Untreated gingivitis can advance to periodontitis, a gum infection that affects the bones supporting teeth. Research indicates a link between severe gum disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth and low birth weight. Regular cleanings help remove bacteria and reduce inflammation, lowering these risks and contributing to a healthier pregnancy.
Special Considerations for Pregnant Patients
The second trimester is often considered the most comfortable time for routine dental visits. By this stage, morning sickness typically lessens, and the baby’s major organs have developed, reducing potential discomfort or concerns. However, if dental issues arise, cleanings and necessary treatments can be performed safely in any trimester.
Patient positioning requires specific attention as pregnancy progresses. To prevent supine hypotensive syndrome, where the enlarged uterus compresses major blood vessels, dental professionals may adjust the chair to a semi-reclined position or ask the patient to slightly elevate their right hip with a pillow. Inform the dental team about the pregnancy and any medications to ensure tailored care and comfort.
Oral Health Changes During Pregnancy
Pregnancy brings hormonal shifts that can impact oral health. Hormonal changes increase blood flow to the gums, making them more sensitive, prone to inflammation, and susceptible to bleeding, known as pregnancy gingivitis. Between 60% and 70% of pregnant individuals experience some form of gingivitis, which can cause gums to appear red, swollen, and tender.
Hormonal changes can also lead to benign gum growths called pyogenic granulomas, or “pregnancy tumors.” These red, raw-looking lumps can bleed easily but typically resolve on their own after delivery. Changes in eating habits, increased sugar cravings, or frequent exposure to stomach acid from morning sickness can heighten the risk of developing cavities. Hormonal fluctuations can also affect saliva composition, contributing to bacterial growth and cavity formation.
Addressing Other Dental Procedures
Other dental procedures may be necessary during pregnancy, particularly for urgent issues. Procedures like fillings, root canals, or extractions can be safely performed to address active infections or pain. Delaying treatment might pose greater risks to both the pregnant individual and the baby. Elective cosmetic procedures, such as teeth whitening, are generally postponed until after delivery.
Local anesthetics, such as lidocaine, are safe for use during pregnancy. These anesthetics have a low likelihood of negatively affecting the pregnant individual or fetus when administered in appropriate doses. While routine dental X-rays are often deferred, they are safe with proper shielding if essential for diagnosis or urgent treatment. Any non-cleaning procedure should involve a collaborative decision between the dentist and the obstetrician to ensure the safest approach.