The emergence of COVID-19 has raised questions among pet owners about the susceptibility of their animal companions to the virus. Many wonder if their hamsters, like other household pets, could contract SARS-CoV-2. This article explores how hamsters are affected by COVID-19 and offers guidance for owners.
Hamster Susceptibility to COVID-19
Hamsters, especially Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus), are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19 in humans. Research has shown that these rodents can contract the virus and have been widely used in laboratories to study viral pathogenesis and test potential treatments. Their natural susceptibility makes them a valuable animal model for understanding human COVID-19.
The susceptibility of hamsters to SARS-CoV-2 is linked to the presence of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors in their cells. These receptors act as entry points for the virus. Although the distribution of ACE2 receptors in hamsters, such as in the nasal mucosa, may differ from humans, the high binding affinity between the hamster ACE2 and the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein facilitates infection. While hamsters can become infected, the severity of illness in pet hamsters is typically mild, and most animals recover within about 14 days without developing the severe pathology often seen in humans.
Recognizing Symptoms and Understanding Transmission
Hamsters infected with SARS-CoV-2 may exhibit signs of illness. Symptoms include lethargy, ruffled fur, and a decrease in appetite, leading to weight loss. Other symptoms include difficulty breathing, sneezing, and nasal discharge. These signs can appear after a few days of infection.
The primary route of transmission to hamsters is from infected humans through close contact, such as cuddling, petting, or handling the hamster. Hamster-to-hamster transmission is also possible. While human-to-hamster and hamster-to-hamster transmission occurs, hamster-to-human transmission is rare, but documented cases have occurred, such as those linked to pet shops in Hong Kong involving the Delta variant.
Safeguarding Your Hamster and Your Household
Protecting your hamster and household from SARS-CoV-2 involves straightforward hygiene. If a human household member has COVID-19 or is experiencing symptoms, limit close contact with your hamster. Avoid petting, snuggling, or sharing food. Whenever possible, another household member who is not ill should be responsible for the hamster’s care.
Maintain cleanliness: Wash your hands before and after handling your hamster, its food, or its habitat. Regularly clean and disinfect surfaces in the hamster’s environment. If you suspect your hamster is ill, or if it has been exposed to someone with COVID-19, contact your veterinarian to discuss care. If your hamster is confirmed to be infected, isolate it from other pets and people in the home, similar to how a person with COVID-19 would be isolated.