Male pattern baldness, known scientifically as androgenetic alopecia, is a common condition affecting many men as they age. This progressive hair thinning can begin with a receding hairline and gradually lead to bald spots, particularly on the top and front of the head. Finasteride is a medication frequently discussed as a treatment option for this widespread concern. This article explores whether finasteride can promote hair regrowth in areas affected by male pattern baldness.
How Finasteride Influences Hair Growth
Finasteride primarily acts by inhibiting an enzyme called 5-alpha reductase. This enzyme, present in hair follicles, plays a role in converting testosterone into dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Finasteride specifically targets the type II isoform of 5-alpha reductase.
Dihydrotestosterone is a hormone implicated in the miniaturization of hair follicles. When follicles are sensitive to DHT, they progressively shrink, producing finer, shorter hairs, and eventually ceasing hair production altogether. By reducing DHT levels in the scalp, finasteride helps to counteract this miniaturization. This action allows affected hair follicles to regain their normal size and produce thicker, longer hairs, thereby slowing or reversing the hair loss process.
Effectiveness in Regrowing Hair
Finasteride can stimulate hair regrowth, though individual results vary. It promotes modest to moderate regrowth, primarily by thickening existing miniaturized hairs and preventing further hair loss. Studies indicate that finasteride is most effective for hair loss occurring on the crown or vertex of the scalp. For instance, some research shows that men with crown hair loss have a 61% chance of experiencing mild to moderate regrowth.
While it can also help with the frontal hairline, its effectiveness in this area may be less pronounced compared to the crown. Beyond regrowth, finasteride is also effective at preventing further hair loss, with 70% to 83% of treated men showing no additional loss after one to two years. Finasteride is unlikely to grow hair on completely bald areas where follicles are no longer active.
Understanding Potential Results and Timeline
Finasteride is a long-term treatment. While the medication begins working immediately to lower DHT levels, visible changes in hair growth take time due to the natural hair growth cycle. Initial signs of reduced hair loss or stabilization typically become noticeable within three to six months of daily use.
Noticeable hair regrowth, if it occurs, usually begins after six to twelve months of treatment. The peak benefits, including increased hair density and thickness, are often seen after one to two years of consistent use. Results vary significantly among individuals. If treatment is discontinued, any hair gains will likely reverse within several months, as the underlying biological processes of hair loss resume.
Important Considerations Before Use
Before starting finasteride, a consultation with a healthcare professional is necessary to obtain a prescription and discuss suitability. The typical dosage for male pattern hair loss is 1 milligram taken orally once daily. It can be taken with or without food.
Potential side effects, though rare, can include decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, and a reduction in semen volume. Other less common effects may involve breast tenderness or a rash. These side effects are often reversible upon discontinuing the medication. Finasteride is intended for adult males with androgenetic alopecia and is not recommended for women, especially those who are pregnant or may become pregnant, due to the risk of birth defects in male fetuses. Finasteride helps manage hair loss but is not a permanent cure.