COVID-19 emerged as a global health concern, prompting widespread public awareness about its effects on humans. Understanding also extended to its impact on various animal species. Research investigated which animals could contract the virus and its implications for animal and human health. This article explores the specific relationship between ferrets and SARS-CoV-2.
Ferrets and SARS-CoV-2 Susceptibility
Ferrets are highly susceptible to infection with SARS-CoV-2, often more so than some other common pets. This susceptibility is due to the presence of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors in their respiratory tracts, which are quite similar to those found in humans. The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein can bind strongly to these ferret ACE2 receptors.
Early research demonstrated this high susceptibility. Ferrets have been widely used as animal models in COVID-19 research because they can be naturally infected and show similar disease progression to humans, often with mild symptoms. Aged ferrets may also exhibit higher levels of ACE2 and TMPRSS2, two molecules involved in viral entry.
Symptoms and Transmission Pathways
Ferrets infected with SARS-CoV-2 often display mild clinical signs. Common symptoms can include lethargy, decreased activity, coughing, sneezing, and sometimes a fever. Some reports have also noted gastrointestinal signs like apathy, anorexia, vomiting, and diarrhea. Most ferrets that contract the virus tend to recover quickly, and in many cases, owners may not even realize their ferret was infected due to the mild nature of the illness.
The virus can be transmitted in several ways. Humans can transmit SARS-CoV-2 to ferrets. There is also evidence of ferret-to-ferret transmission, which can occur through direct contact. The risk of ferrets transmitting the virus back to humans is low.
Protecting Your Ferret and Household
To protect ferrets and household members, several practical precautions are advisable. If a human in the household tests positive for COVID-19 or is experiencing symptoms, limit close contact with the ferret. Wearing a mask when interacting with the ferret and maintaining good hand hygiene can reduce transmission risk.
Regularly disinfecting surfaces that the ferret frequently contacts, such as cages, toys, and feeding bowls, is also beneficial. It is also recommended to avoid sharing food or water with ferrets. If a ferret begins to show symptoms consistent with SARS-CoV-2 infection, contact a veterinarian immediately to discuss testing and care. If possible, the ferret should be isolated from other animals in the household to prevent further spread.