Tinnitus refers to the perception of sound, such as ringing, buzzing, hissing, or roaring, that does not originate from an external source. This internal sound can vary in pitch and volume, sometimes affecting one or both ears, and may be constant or intermittent. Earwax, also known as cerumen, is a natural waxy substance produced by glands in the ear canal. Its purpose is to protect the ear by trapping dirt, dust, and foreign particles, lubricating the ear canal, and providing a barrier against bacteria and fungi. While earwax is beneficial, an excessive buildup can sometimes lead to various ear-related issues, including tinnitus.
How Earwax Can Cause Tinnitus
Excessive earwax can lead to tinnitus through several mechanisms. When a significant amount of earwax accumulates, it can form a blockage, either partially or completely obstructing the ear canal. This obstruction interferes with sound wave transmission to the inner ear, altering how the brain interprets signals. Additionally, a large plug of earwax can exert pressure on the tympanic membrane, or eardrum. This pressure can affect the eardrum’s ability to vibrate properly, potentially irritating the sensitive structures of the middle ear and triggering internal sounds.
A reduction in external sound input due to the blockage can also make internal body sounds, such as blood flow, more noticeable. The brain, receiving less external auditory information, may amplify these internal noises. In some instances, severe earwax impaction can cause irritation or mild inflammation of the delicate lining of the ear canal. This irritation can further contribute to the development or worsening of tinnitus symptoms.
Recognizing Earwax-Related Tinnitus
Tinnitus caused by earwax buildup often has specific characteristics and accompanying symptoms. The sound is commonly a muffled ringing, buzzing, or hissing, which may fluctuate in intensity or be present in only one ear. This type of tinnitus might worsen as the earwax blockage becomes more significant.
Along with the internal sound, several other symptoms frequently suggest an earwax-related issue. Individuals might experience muffled hearing or a noticeable decrease in their ability to hear external sounds. A feeling of fullness or blockage within the ear is also a common indicator. Other accompanying signs can include earache or discomfort, and occasionally, a sensation of dizziness or vertigo. When these symptoms appear together, particularly if they develop after a period of suspected earwax accumulation, it can indicate that the tinnitus is linked to earwax.
When to Seek Professional Help
If you suspect earwax buildup is contributing to tinnitus or other ear symptoms, seek professional medical attention. It is important to avoid attempting self-removal of earwax using cotton swabs or other pointed objects, as this can push the wax deeper into the ear canal, potentially worsening the blockage or damaging delicate ear structures. If you experience persistent ear discomfort, a feeling of blockage, or if over-the-counter ear drops do not alleviate symptoms, a healthcare provider can safely assess and remove the earwax. Professional earwax removal methods include ear irrigation, which involves flushing the ear canal with water, microsuction using a gentle vacuum, or manual removal with specialized tools.
New, persistent, or worsening tinnitus warrants a medical evaluation to determine the cause. This is especially important if tinnitus is accompanied by other symptoms such as hearing loss, dizziness, ear pain, or discharge. A doctor can examine the ear to confirm if earwax is the cause and rule out other conditions. If earwax is indeed the culprit, its removal often resolves or significantly improves the tinnitus. If the tinnitus persists after earwax removal, further investigation may be necessary to identify and address other contributing factors.