COVID-19 presents with a wide array of symptoms affecting multiple body systems. Headaches are a common manifestation.
Headaches as a COVID-19 Symptom
Headaches are a common symptom reported by individuals with COVID-19. Studies indicate that approximately half of those infected experience headaches. This symptom often appears early, sometimes as an initial sign, and for some, it might be the only symptom.
Headaches can be a noticeable indicator of infection, often alongside other common symptoms like fever, cough, or loss of taste and smell. Their presence can prompt individuals to consider testing for COVID-19.
Understanding COVID-19 Headaches
COVID-19 headaches commonly manifest with moderate to strong intensity. Many describe the pain as a tightening or pressing sensation, while others experience a throbbing or pulsating feeling.
These headaches frequently affect both sides of the head, often appearing across the forehead, temples, or behind the eyes. Some individuals may also experience generalized pain.
The underlying mechanisms involve the body’s immune response. When fighting the virus, the immune system releases inflammatory proteins called cytokines, which can affect blood vessels and nerves in the brain, leading to pressure and pain.
Another mechanism is the activation of the trigeminal nerve, which transmits facial pain and sensation signals to the brain. In severe cases, oxygen shortage in the blood, known as hypoxemia, might also contribute.
Duration and Persistence
Headaches during the acute phase of COVID-19 typically span a few days. One study noted they commonly lasted around four days.
In many instances, these headaches resolve within a couple of weeks, often as other acute symptoms subside. The timeline can vary depending on individual factors, including age and pre-existing headache conditions.
COVID-19 headaches can persist. Some individuals experience headaches that extend for weeks, months, or even longer after the initial infection. This is often associated with “long COVID,” where symptoms linger beyond the acute illness.
Research indicates that up to 50% of patients in one study reported persistent headaches 12 to 15 months post-infection. Headaches lasting beyond three months are frequently considered part of long COVID syndrome.
Managing COVID-19 Headaches
Several measures can help alleviate discomfort from COVID-19 headaches.
Resting in a quiet, darkened room can be beneficial, especially if light sensitivity is present. Staying adequately hydrated by drinking non-alcoholic fluids is important, as dehydration can worsen pain. Applying a cold compress to the forehead may provide relief.
Over-the-counter pain relievers such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen are commonly used. Consult a healthcare provider if headaches persist despite these measures.
While these medications offer temporary relief, prolonged use for more than a week should be discussed with a doctor to avoid potential rebound headaches.
Seek medical attention if a COVID-19 headache is severe, worsens considerably, or is accompanied by other concerning symptoms.
These include sudden and severe pain, confusion, difficulty speaking, visual disturbances, a stiff neck, or decreased consciousness. Such signs could indicate a more serious condition.