Contact lenses offer a convenient and effective way to correct vision. While these devices provide clear sight and flexibility, their use is not without potential risks to eye health. Maintaining healthy eyes with contact lenses involves recognizing potential issues and adhering to proper care practices.
Understanding Potential Eye Injuries
While a literal “cut” from a contact lens is uncommon, other types of eye damage can occur. A significant concern is a corneal abrasion, a scratch on the clear, outer surface of the eye. This can happen if a foreign particle gets trapped under the lens, due to improper lens handling, an ill-fitting lens, or aggressive eye rubbing. Corneal abrasions can be painful and create an entry point for infections.
Eye infections, such as keratitis, represent a serious risk with contact lens wear. Keratitis involves inflammation of the cornea, caused by bacteria, fungi, or even parasites like Acanthamoeba. These microorganisms are more likely to invade if lenses are worn for too long, not cleaned correctly, or exposed to contaminated water. Infections can lead to corneal scarring and, in severe cases, permanent vision loss.
Another condition, hypoxia, occurs when the cornea lacks sufficient oxygen. The cornea obtains oxygen from the air, and contact lenses can reduce this supply, especially during extended wear or when sleeping in lenses. Prolonged oxygen deprivation can lead to corneal swelling and, over time, may cause new blood vessels to grow into the cornea, which can impair vision.
Giant papillary conjunctivitis (GPC) is an inflammatory reaction where bumps (papillae) form on the inner surface of the eyelid. This condition is often triggered by mechanical irritation from contact lenses rubbing against the eyelid, or by deposits of proteins and lipids on the lens surface. GPC is more common with soft contact lenses and can cause discomfort and mucus production.
Recognizing Signs of Eye Damage
When eye damage or irritation occurs from contact lens use, symptoms can emerge. Redness of the eye is a common indicator, often accompanied by pain or discomfort. This discomfort might manifest as a persistent feeling that something is in the eye, even after removing the lens.
Vision changes can also signal a problem. Blurred vision, decreased sharpness, or increased sensitivity to light (photophobia) warrant attention. The eyes might also produce excessive tearing or discharge, which can appear watery or pus-like. Swelling of the eyelids or the eye itself can also be a sign of irritation or infection.
Practicing Safe Contact Lens Care
Preventing eye injuries and maintaining eye health with contact lenses relies on consistent and proper care. Always wash hands thoroughly with soap and water before touching lenses or eyes, then dry them completely with a lint-free towel. This simple step reduces the transfer of germs that can lead to infections.
Correct insertion and removal techniques are also important to avoid scratching the eye. When removing lenses, gently slide the lens to the lower part of the eye before pinching it between the thumb and forefinger. Adhering to the recommended wear schedule is important, as wearing lenses longer than advised or sleeping in them can increase the risk of infection and oxygen deprivation.
Always use cleaning solutions recommended by an eye care professional, avoiding tap water, distilled water, or saliva, which can introduce harmful microorganisms. Lenses should be rubbed and rinsed with fresh solution every time they are removed, and the lens case needs regular cleaning and replacement, typically every two to three months. Never “top off” old solution with new, as this reduces its disinfecting effectiveness.
When to Seek Professional Eye Care
Prompt professional attention is important for symptoms of eye damage or infection. If severe pain, sudden vision changes, or persistent redness occurs, remove contact lenses immediately and consult an eye doctor without delay. Other warning signs include unusual discharge, extreme sensitivity to light, or a persistent feeling of a foreign body that does not resolve.
Regular eye check-ups are also important for safe contact lens wear. Eye care professionals can assess eye health, check the fit of lenses, and provide guidance on the most appropriate care regimen. Ignoring symptoms or delaying professional evaluation can lead to serious complications, including permanent vision loss.