Canker sores, also known as aphthous ulcers, are common oral lesions. While many people associate them with the inside of the lips, cheeks, or tongue, these painful sores can indeed appear in the throat or the back of the mouth. Canker sores are not caused by a virus and are distinct from cold sores, which are caused by the herpes simplex virus and are contagious.
Can Canker Sores Form in the Throat?
Canker sores can develop on any non-keratinized mucous membrane, which includes various areas within the throat region. The soft tissues lining the mouth and throat are susceptible to these lesions.
Specific locations where canker sores might form in the throat include the soft palate, the tonsillar pillars, the uvula, and the back of the throat, also known as the pharynx. While less common in these areas compared to more accessible parts of the mouth, their presence in the throat can lead to different and often more challenging symptoms. This is because the throat’s involvement can directly impact functions like swallowing and speaking.
Recognizing Throat Canker Sores
Throat canker sores typically present as round or oval ulcers. These lesions often have a distinctive white or yellowish center surrounded by a red, inflamed border. They may appear slightly sunken with raised edges.
A primary symptom of a throat canker sore is pain, which can be particularly intense when swallowing, speaking, or eating. Some individuals might experience a tingling or burning sensation in the affected area a day or two before the ulcer becomes visible. The pain can sometimes be mistaken for other conditions like tonsillitis or strep throat, especially if the sore is located on a tonsil and causes pain on only one side of the throat.
Understanding Their Causes
The exact cause of canker sores is often unknown, but several factors contribute to their development. Minor injury to the mouth or throat is a common trigger. This can result from accidental cheek bites, dental work, or abrasive foods.
Stress is another frequently cited factor. Certain foods, especially those that are acidic, spicy, or abrasive, can also trigger or worsen canker sores. Nutritional deficiencies, such as low levels of iron, vitamin B-12, folate, or zinc, have been linked to recurrent canker sores. Hormonal shifts, an immune response, and even sensitivities to certain toothpaste ingredients like sodium lauryl sulfate can play a role.
Relief and When to See a Doctor
Managing the discomfort of throat canker sores often involves home care and over-the-counter remedies. Rinsing the mouth with a solution of salt water can help alleviate pain and promote healing by drying out the sore and reducing swelling. Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can also help manage the pain.
Topical numbing gels or sprays designed for oral use can provide temporary relief, though applying them to throat sores may be challenging. Avoiding irritating foods, such as those that are spicy, acidic, or very hot, can prevent further irritation and pain. Sucking on ice cubes or consuming cold foods like ice cream may also offer some numbing relief.
It is important to seek medical attention under certain circumstances. Consult a doctor if a canker sore is unusually large, causes extreme pain that interferes with eating or drinking, or lasts longer than two to three weeks. Medical advice is also recommended if new sores develop frequently, if the sores are accompanied by a high fever, or if there is difficulty swallowing severe enough to prevent adequate fluid intake. A healthcare professional can help rule out other conditions that might present with similar symptoms and can offer prescription medications, such as medicated mouthwashes or corticosteroids, for more severe or persistent cases.