Beetroot consumption can lead to a noticeable change in stool color, a phenomenon that often causes surprise or concern. This alteration is typically harmless and a common occurrence for many individuals. This article will explore the biological processes involved and offer guidance on distinguishing beetroot-induced changes from other potential causes of red stool.
The Science Behind the Color Change
The vibrant red or purple hue of beetroot comes from a natural pigment called betanin, which belongs to a class of compounds known as betalains. When beetroot is consumed, betanin travels through the digestive system. This pigment is remarkably resistant to being broken down by digestive enzymes and stomach acid in some individuals.
Not everyone experiences this color change equally, due to variations in individual digestive processes. Factors such as stomach acid levels, gut transit time, and the composition of gut microbiota can influence how much betanin is absorbed or broken down. If betanin is not fully metabolized, a portion of it remains intact and is excreted, leading to discoloration of urine and feces. This is why some people are considered “beetroot excretors” while others are not, with estimates suggesting 10% to 14% of people experience “beeturia,” where beets turn urine red or pink.
What to Expect and How Long It Lasts
After consuming beetroot, individuals might observe a range of colors in their stool, including pink, red, purple, or even a dark reddish-brown. The intensity of this color can vary depending on the amount of beetroot eaten and how it was prepared, as cooking can degrade some of the betalain content.
The duration of beetroot-induced stool discoloration is typically temporary. For most people, the red color should disappear within 24 to 72 hours after consumption. This timeframe is influenced by individual metabolism, the amount of beets consumed, and other dietary factors.
Distinguishing from Other Causes for Red Stool
While red stool after eating beetroot is usually harmless, it is important to recognize that red or dark-colored stool can sometimes signal a more serious medical condition. Persistent red or black stool not directly linked to recent beetroot consumption warrants medical attention. The presence of accompanying symptoms is a key indicator that the discoloration might be medically significant.
Symptoms such as abdominal pain, fever, unexplained weight loss, dizziness, or changes in bowel habits like diarrhea or constipation should prompt a consultation with a healthcare professional. Stool that appears very dark black and tarry, known as melena, can indicate bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract, such as from ulcers or esophageal varices. Conversely, bright red blood in the stool, medically termed hematochezia, often points to bleeding in the lower intestinal tract, which could be due to hemorrhoids, diverticulitis, or inflammatory bowel disease. Certain medications, like iron supplements or bismuth-containing drugs, can also cause dark stools. If there is any doubt about the cause of red or dark stool, especially if beetroot has not been consumed recently, seeking medical advice is a prudent step.