Allergies can cause fatigue, a common experience for many allergy sufferers. This feeling of exhaustion is not just a result of poor sleep quality, but also a direct consequence of the body’s immune response to allergens.
Why Allergies Cause Fatigue
When an allergen, such as pollen or dust mites, enters the body, the immune system triggers a complex immune response, leading to the release of various inflammatory chemicals, including histamine. Histamine, primarily known for causing allergy symptoms like sneezing and itching, also plays a role in the body’s inflammatory response.
This widespread inflammation can contribute to malaise, exhaustion, and discomfort. The body expends energy in this continuous battle against perceived threats, which can deplete overall energy levels. For individuals with chronic allergies, this ongoing immune system activity and chronic inflammatory state can lead to persistent fatigue.
Allergies and Sleep Disruption
Allergy symptoms interfere with quality sleep, contributing to tiredness. Nasal congestion, a common allergy symptom, makes breathing difficult, often leading to mouth breathing and snoring. This can disrupt sleep patterns and may even worsen conditions like sleep apnea.
Symptoms such as itching, sneezing, and coughing can prevent sleep or cause awakenings. Postnasal drip can trigger coughing fits, interrupting sleep. This fragmented or poor-quality sleep is a significant factor in daytime fatigue.
Strategies for Reducing Allergy-Related Tiredness
Managing allergy symptoms is important for reducing tiredness. Identifying and avoiding triggers is a primary step, which might involve using allergen-proof bedding, regularly cleaning the home to reduce dust mites, or staying indoors during high pollen counts. Showering before bed can also remove pollen and dust from skin and hair.
Over-the-counter and prescription allergy medications can offer relief. Antihistamines block the action of histamine, helping to alleviate symptoms like sneezing, itching, and congestion. Some older antihistamines, like diphenhydramine (found in Benadryl), can cause drowsiness, so non-drowsy options such as fexofenadine (Allegra), loratadine (Claritin), or cetirizine (Zyrtec) are often preferred for daytime use. Nasal corticosteroids reduce inflammation in nasal passages, while decongestants help relieve stuffiness.
Improving sleep hygiene also supports better rest when dealing with allergies. Maintaining a consistent sleep schedule and creating a comfortable, allergen-free sleep environment are beneficial. This includes keeping the bedroom cool, dark, and quiet, and considering hypoallergenic pillows and mattress covers. Avoiding screens before bed and using a saline rinse or taking a hot shower to clear nasal passages can also promote better sleep.
Lifestyle adjustments can further boost energy levels. Staying well-hydrated helps thin mucus, and a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains supports the immune system. Regular, moderate exercise can also improve energy and sleep quality, though outdoor exercise should be timed to avoid peak pollen hours. If allergy symptoms are severe, persistent, or significantly impacting daily life despite self-management, seeking professional medical advice is advisable.